Chapter 8

Question 1

basic unit of all forms of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells.

Answer 2

Cell theory

Question 3

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

organism whose cells contain a nucleus.

Answer 5

Eukaryote

Question 6

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus.

Answer 6

Prokaryote

Question 7

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 8

Ribosome

Question 9

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 10

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Answer 11

vacuole

Question 12

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell.

Answer 12

lysosome

Question 13

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

Answer 13

Chloroplast

Question 13

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

Answer 13

MItochondrion

Question 14

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.

Answer 14

cell wall

Question 15

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

Answer 15

lipid

Question 16

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane.

Answer 16

Selectively Permeable

Question 17

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain.

Answer 17

Homeostasis

Question 18

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 19

osmosis

Question 20

when the concentration of two solutions is the same.

Answer 20

isotonic

Question 21

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Answer 21

Hypertonic

Question 22

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Answer 22

Hypotonic

Question 23

group of similar cells that perform a particular function.

Answer 23

Tissue

Question 24

a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Answer 24

Organ

Question 25

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

Answer 25

Organ system