HGE Flashcards
The ratio of the volume of void space to the volume of solid substance.
Void Ratio
The ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of the soil sample or specimen. It is simply the open space between the soil grains.
Porosity
The ratio of the volume of water in the void spaces to the volume of the voids.
Degree of Saturation
The ratio of weight of water to the weight of solids in a given volume of soil.
Moisture Content
It is simply the measure of the void volume that is filled by water, expressed as a percentage ranging from 0 to 100.
Degree of Saturation
the weight of soil per unit volume
Unit Weight
the weight per unit volume of soil, excluding water
Dry Unit Weight
known as total, wet or moist unit weight. It is the total weight divided by the total volume
Bulk unit weight
the bulk unit weight of a soil when it is 100 percent saturated.
Saturated Unit Weight
the hydraulic gradient that brings a soil (essentially, Coarse-grained soils) to static liquefaction
Critical hydraulic gradient
The ratio of the mass of the solids (soil grains) to the total unit volume of soil.
Dry density
The ratio of the total mass to the total volume of a unit of soil.
Density
Also, buoyant density. Difference between the total density and the density of water.
Submerged Density
Also, relative density. The density of a granular soil relative to the minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil.
Density index
used to describe the degree of firmness of soil
Consistency
the attraction of one water molecule to another resulting from hydrogen bonding (water-water bond).
Cohesion
It involves the attraction of a water molecule to a non-water molecule (water-solid bond).
Adhesion
The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects.
Stickiness
It is estimated at moisture content that displays maximum adherence between thumb and forefinger.
Stickiness
a field measure of the ability of the soil to withstand an applied stress or pressure
Rupture Resistance
the limits of water content used to define soil behavior
Atterberg’s Limit
defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a liquid material and begins to flow
Liquid Limit
The device used in this method consists of a brass cup and a hard rubber.
Cup Method To Determine Liquid Limit
The moisture content at which the transition from Semi-Solid to Plastic state.
Plastic Limit
The moisture content at which no further volume change occurs with further reduction in moisture content.
Shrinkage Limit
ratio which signifies the relative consistency of a cohesive in the natural state
Liquidity Index
Degree a soil can be molded or reworked causing permanent deformation without rupturing.
Plasticity
The ratio of the difference between the liquid limit and water content to the difference between the liquid limit and the plasticity index.
Consistency Index
difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit of a soil
Plasticity index
The difference between the plastic and shrinkage limits
Shrinkage index
Soils formed by the weathered products at their place of origin
Residual Soil
Soils formed by deposition of quiet lakes
Lacustrine Soil
Soils transported by running water and deposited along streams
Alluvial Soil
Soils formed by the transportation and deposition of glaciers
Glacial Soil
Soils deformed by deposition in the seas
Marine Soil
Soil with occasional particles of quartz, feldspar and other minerals
Gravel Soil
Soils transported and deposited by wind
Aelian Soil
defined the ratio of the plasticity index to the percent of clay size fraction , by weight as Activity
Skempton
used to determine the grain size distribution of coarse-grained soil
Sieve Analysis
used to determine the grain size distribution of the soils passing the No. 200 sieve
Hydrometer Analysis
this diameter in the particle size distribution curve corresponding to `10% finer
Effective Size
The four parameters defined in a particle-size distribution curve.
Coefficient of Uniformity
Coefficient of Gradation
Coefficient of Curvature
Sorting Coefficient
defined as the ratio between the grain diameter (in millimeters) corresponding to 60 percent passing on the curve (D60) divided by the diameter of the 10 percent (D10) passing
Coefficient of Uniformity
is defined as the ratio between the square of the grain diameter (in millimeter) corresponding to 30 percent passing on the curve (D30) divided by the product of the grain diameter of the 60 percent (D60) passing and the grain diameter of the 10 percent (D10) passing
Coefficient of Gradation
A measure of the shape parameter obtained from a grain size distribution curve
Coefficient of curvature
A type of soil in the particle size distribution curve in which most of the soil grains are the same size
Poorly Graded
According to the present form of the system, soil can be classified according to eight major groups, A-1 through A-8, based on the grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity indices.
AASHTO System
This soil classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol.
USCS System
Soils with more than 50% by weight of grains retained on the #200 sieve (0.075mm).
Coarse-grained soils
Silt and clay soils. Soils containing particles smaller than No. 200 sieve or 0.075 mm in size according to the Unified Soil Classification System
Fine-grained soils
According to the USCS Soil
Classification of a soil particle whose size is greater than 75 mm is called___.
Cobbles
also called as Textural classification system
USDA System
Soil particles which are finer (smaller) than 0.002 mm in size
Clay
volume change in soils which air is expelled from the voids
Compaction
reasons why soil, when placed in a dense state is to be compacted
- increase cohesion
- decrease future settlements
- increase future settlements
- decrease moisture content
- Increase shear strength
- To decrease future settlements
- To decrease permeability
- To increase the stability of slopes
Standard procedure for
determining the field unit weight of compacted soil
a. Nuclear method
b. Sand cone method
c. Rubber ballon method
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
the moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight is attained
Optimum moisture content
The laboratory test generally used to obtain the max dry unit weight of compaction and the optimum moisture content
Proctor Compaction Test
the property of soil which permits flow of water or other liquids through or it is the case with which water can flow through it
Permeability
A soil property obtained in the laboratory from a Proctor test. Density of soil at 100% compaction.
Maximum dry density
a factor that indicates if the volume of flow is to be great or small, relative to the ease or difficulty with which water moves through the soil
Coefficient of Permeability
The constant average discharge velocity of water passing through soil when the hydraulic gradient is equal to 1.0
Hydraulic conductivity
Clays are considered relatively _______, while sands and gravels are considered _______.
impervious, pervious
the ability of an aquifer to transmit water through its entire thickness
Transmissivity or Transmissibility
quantity of water flowing in unit time through a unit gross cross sectional area of soil at right angles to the direction of flow
Discharge velocity
this is used to determine the coefficient of permeability of coarse-grained soil
Constant head test
this is used to determine the coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil
Falling Head Test