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BOARD EXAM > DESIGN > Flashcards

DESIGN Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of mechanics which studies the effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which are and remain at rest

A

Statics

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2
Q

a contact resistance by one body when the second body moves or tends to move past the first body

A

Friction

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3
Q

The maximum amount of strain-energy the material can absorb just before it fractures

A

Modulus of Toughness

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3
Q

energy stored in a material due to its
deformation

A

Strain energy

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4
Q

Represents the largest amount
of internal strain energy per unit volume the material can absorb without causing any permanent damage to the material

A

Modulus of Resilience

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5
Q

Ability to absorb energy in plastic range

A

Modulus of Toughness

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6
Q

Ability to absorb energy in the elastic range

A

Modulus of Resilience

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7
Q

Refers to the property of a material which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed.

A

Elasticity

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8
Q

refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking

A

Ductility

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9
Q

material’s resistance to indentation

A

Hardness

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10
Q

Inverse of Stiffness

A

Flexibility

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11
Q

ability to resist a deformation within the linear range

A

Stiffness

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12
Q

material’s resistance to fracture

A

Toughness

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13
Q

Any material that can be
subjected to large strains before it fractures

A

Ductile Material

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14
Q

Materials that exhibit little or no
yielding before failure

A

Brittle Materials

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15
Q

has the same physical and
mechanical properties throughout its volume or material has the same composition at any point

A

Homogeneous material

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16
Q

Has same physical and mechanical
properties in all directions

A

Isotropic material

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17
Q

Has material properties at a particular point, which differ along three mutually-
orthogonal axes

A

Orthotropic material

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18
Q

All cross sections are the same throughout its length

A

Prismatic

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19
Q

When a material has to support a load for a very long period of time, it may continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs or its usefulness is
impaired.

A

Creep

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20
Q

Time Dependent Deformation

A

Creep

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21
Q

When a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes its structure to breakdown, ultimately leading to fracture.

A

Fatigue

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22
Q

Lateral deflection that occurs when long slender members are subjected to an axial compressive force.

A

Buckling

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23
Q

A slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will result in a breakdown of the material and causes it to deform permanently.

A

Yielding

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24
Q

The deformation that occurs during yielding.

A

Plastic Deformation

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25
Q

When yielding has ended, an
increase in load can be supported by the specimen, until it reaches a maximum stress referred to as the
ultimate stress. This deformation is called:

A

Strain Hardening:

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26
Q

This occurs when the cross-sectional area will begin to decrease in a localized region of the specimen, until the specimen breaks at the fracture stress.

A

Necking

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27
Q

Those that pass through no. 4 sieve

A

Fine Aggregates

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28
Q

used in cocrte may be fine aggregates
and coarse.

A

Aggregates

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28
Q

a mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates

A

Concrete

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29
Q

used in mixing concrete shall be clean free dram injurious amounts of oils, acid, alkalis, salts, organic materials or other substance that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement

A

Water

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29
Q

It is measured by seismometer

A

Actual displacement

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30
Q

it is the point through which the
resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force
acts

A

Center of Gravity

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31
Q

it is the point through which the
applied seismic force acts

A

Center of mass

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31
Q

is the point where the object
“suffers” no torque by the effect of the gravitational force acted upon it

A

Center of Gravity

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32
Q

structural member ha the ratio of its
unsupported height to its least lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support axial load

A

Column

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32
Q

The point through which the
resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts.

A

Center of stiffness

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33
Q

a short edge beam projecting from a column to support a weight

A

Corbel

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34
Q

The addition of energy – absorbing
components into a structural building frame to reduce lateral deflections and lessen the stresses imparted
into the frame when subjected to high wind or seismic forces.

A

Damping

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34
Q

It is the total design
lateral force at the base of a structure.

A

Design seismic base shear

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35
Q

Property of a material enables it to under large permanent strains before failure.

A

Ductility

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35
Q

it refers to the ability of a material to
deform in the plastic range without braking

A

Ductility

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36
Q

it refers to the property of a material
which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed

A

Elasticity

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37
Q

it is the distance between the center
of rigidity and center of mass

A

Eccentricity

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38
Q

The geographical point on the surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake.

A

Epicenter

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39
Q

The originating earthquake source of the elastic waves inside the earth which cause shaking of ground due to earthquake.

A

Focus

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40
Q

besides the epicenter, it describes the
location of the earthquake

A

Focal depth

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41
Q

stress is proportional to the strain
within the elastic region

A

Hooke’s Law

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41
Q

the material has the same composition
at every point but the elastic may not be the same in
all direction

A

Homogenous

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42
Q

The principle used in equations related to the
deformation of axially loaded material.

A

Hooke’s Law

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43
Q

retarding force acting opposite in
motion

A

Kinetic Friction

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44
Q

is best described as a sudden drop in the shear strength of a soil

A

“Liquefaction”

45
Q

is a state in saturated cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value

A

“Liquefaction”

46
Q

condition when soil tends to behave like a fluid mass

A

“Liquefaction”

47
Q

it is measured by the
Ritcher scale

A

Magnitude of earthquake

47
Q

The composite material exhibits elastic properties in one direction different from that in the
perpendicular direction

A

Orthotropic

48
Q

the deformation of axially loaded
members, the ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal strain is constant

A

Poisson’s Ratio

49
Q

stressing high strength steel after
the concrete has been cast and has attained sufficient
strength

A

Post tensioning

50
Q

stressing high strength steel wires
before concrete hardens

A

Pre tensioning

51
Q

It is the term for the value
beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain.

A

Proportional Limit

52
Q

The greatest stress a material is capable of
developing without a permanent elongation remaining
upon complete unloading of the specimen

A

Elastic limit

53
Q

Slope of the straight line portion of the curve or the
ratio of stress over the strain

A

Modulus of elasticity

54
Q

A condition that when there is already a permanent deformation, it continues to deform when a
minimal load is applied beyond the elastic

A

Plasticity

55
Q

it refers to the rigidity of
a structure

A

Reciprocal of deflection

56
Q

it refers to flexibility of a
structure

A

Reciprocal of stiffness

57
Q

Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is held at a constant strain

A

Relaxation

58
Q

it refers to the ability of a material to
absorb energy in the elatsic range

A

Resilience

59
Q

Refers to the large amplitude vibration of an object or system when given impulses at its natural
frequency

A

Resonance

60
Q

It occurs when a building period coincides with the earthquake period.

A

Resonance

61
Q

time period of undamped free
vibration of a structure

A

Natural period

62
Q

a measure of the strength of shaking
during the earthquake

A

Intensity

63
Q

a measure of energy released in an
earthquake

A

Magnitude

64
Q

are instruments used to record the
motion of the ground during an earthquake

A

Seismographs

65
Q

It is one in which the lateral stiffness
is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness
of the three storeys above

A

Soft Storey

66
Q

It is one in which the storey lateral
strength is less than 80 percent of that in the storey
above.

A

Weak Storey

67
Q

it is the displacement of one level
relative to the level above or below

A

Story Drift

68
Q

it refers to the force generated by a body at rest

A

Static

69
Q

determines whether the body will be in equilibrium or will have a varying state of motion

A

Resultant

70
Q

It is the space between two adjacent floors

A

Story

71
Q

is the lateral displacement of
the story relative to the base

A

Story displacement

71
Q

Discontinuities in a lateral
force path

A

Out-of-plane offsets

72
Q

rigid horizontal planes used to transfer lateral forces to vertical resisting elements

A

Diaphragms

73
Q

wall designed to resist lateral forces
acting in its own plane, typically wind and seismic loads

A

Shear wall

74
Q

stiffened walls and are capable of transferring lateral forces from floors and roofs to the foundation

A

Shear wall

74
Q

it refers to the ability of a material to
absorb energy in the plastic range

A

Toughness

75
Q

occurs when the center of
mass and rigidity do not coincide

A

Torsional Shear Stress

76
Q

the material deforms considerably even with a slight increase in stress

A

Yielding

77
Q

The stress at which there occursa
marked increase in strainwithout an increase in stress

A

Yield stress

77
Q

The stress at which thespecimen
actually breaks.

A

Rupture strength

78
Q

The max. stress a material is capable
of developing

A

Ultimate stress

79
Q

It is the constant of proportionality
that defines the linear relationship between stress
and strain

A

Young’s Modulus

80
Q

It significantly influences
the quality and strength of concrete.

A

Water – Cement Ratio

81
Q

The property of a material
enabling high impact loads without inducing a stress in excess of the elastic limit.

A

Resilience

82
Q

Ratio of the failure stress to the
allowable stress.

A

Factor of safety

82
Q

The tensile stress that develops on
the diagonals surface.

A

Diagonal tension

83
Q

The condition that renders the
load resisting member unfit for resisting further increase in loads.

A

Failure

84
Q

The ratio of lateral strain to
axial strain for an unrestrained

A

Poisson’s ratio

85
Q

The property of a material to withstand high stress without great strain

A

Stiffness

86
Q

Implies the absence of any plastic
deformation prior to failure.

A

Brittleness

87
Q

The property of a material enabling it to undergo considerable plastic deformation under compressive load before actual rupture.

A

Malleability

88
Q

The property of a material
enabling it to endure high-impact loads or shock loads.

A

Toughness

89
Q

Change of volume per unit volume.

A

Dilatation

90
Q

It comprises the bulk of the
concrete member.

A

Aggregates

91
Q

Is one having a relatively large
tensile strain up to the point of rupture

A

Ductile material “e”

92
Q

Is one having a relatively small
tensile strain up to the point of
Rupture

A

Brittle material

93
Q

The rate of change of stress with respect to strain

A

Tangent modulus

94
Q

The ratio of the ultimate or tensile strength to specific weight that is the weight per unit volume.

A

Specific strength

95
Q

Ratio of the Youngs modulus to the specific weight.

A

Specific modulus

95
Q

One having the same elastic
properties in all directions at any one point of the body.

A

Isotropic material

96
Q

Which refers to the Rigidity of a
Structure?
- Deflection
- Reciprocal of Deflection
- Product of Stiffness and Deflection
- Reciprocal of Stiffness

A

Reciprocal of Deflection

97
Q

Is a ground mounted – device
which measures the actual displacement of the ground
with respect to a stationary reference point.

A

Seismograph

98
Q

Forces generated by a body in
motion.

A

Dynamic

99
Q

It is the oldest useful measure of an
earthquake’s strength which is based on the damage
and other observed effects on people, buildings and
other features.

A

Intensity

100
Q

Materials whose properties
depend upon the direction considered

A

Anisotropic

101
Q

Failure of a metal due to
repeated stress

A

Corrosion

102
Q

A built-in upward curvature of a
beam or girder to compensate for its deflection or sag.

A

Camber

103
Q

If a member is not restrained
against sway, and has hinged ends, and the critical load is reached, this member will buckle laterally turning
into the shape of ______

A

Full sinewave

104
Q

A slump test is done in order to
determine the ______

A

Workability

105
Q

It is the measure of how easy or difficult it is to place, consolidate and finish concrete.

A

Workability

106
Q

A deformation of a part of a
beam whenever plastic bending happens.

A

Plastic Hinge

107
Q

Is a compression element
provided to carry the loads from supported elements like columns, statues, etc. to footing below the ground.

A

Concrete Pedestal

108
Q

By inserting a plastic hinge at a
plastic limit load into a statically determinate beam, a kinematic mechanism permitting an unbounded displacement of the system can be found.

A

Collapse Mechanism

109
Q

Assumes that the entire applied
force/reaction passes through a critical area of web located at the top of the fillet that connects the flange to the web

A

Web Local Yielding

110
Q

Is actually a local buckling that
occurs when the web is slender

A

Web Local Crippling

111
Q

Is the analysis in which the
criterion for design of structures is the ultimate load.

A

Plastic Analysis

112
Q

Material that has the same composition at every point but elastic property may not be the same in all directions

A

Isotropic

113
Q

Material that has the same elastic property in all directions

A

Homogenous

114
Q

Material composition exhibit elastic properties in one direction different from that in perpendicular direction.

A

Orthotropic

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