Acids Flashcards
What state are Metal Carbonates normally?
Solid
What are three soluble metal carbonates?
-Na2CO3
-K2CO3
-(NH4)2CO3
(all aq)
What is an acid?
Acids release H+ ions in aqueous solution so they are defined as a proton (H+) donor
What do alkalis release in an aqueous solution?
OH-
What element do all acids contain?
Hydrogen
What are the important acids?
-HCl
-HNO3 (nitric)
-H2SO4 (sulphuric)
-CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)
What are 2 common alkalis?
NH3
Metal hydroxides and carbonates
What are strong acids?
-Proton donors that completely dissociate in aqueous solution
(HCl)
What are weak acids?
Proton donors that partially dissociate in aqueous solution (giving and equilibrium mixture)
What happens when you put weak acids in solution?
-Only a small percentage of the acid molecules dissociate
What are examples of strong acids?
-HCl
-H2SO4
-HNO3
What is a base?
-Bases neutralise acids to form salts
-Defined as a proton acceptor
What are examples of bases?
-Metal Hydroxides- Mg(OH)2
-Metal Carbonates- Na2CO3
-NH3
Why is CuO a base?
It is insoluble in water
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolve in water releasing hydroxide ions
Why is ammonia is classed as an alkali?
When it is added or water, ammonium ion and hydroxide ions are formed
What are the most common alkalis?
-NaOH
-KOH
-NH3