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A level Chemistry Paper 1- Foundations in Chemsitry > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What state are Metal Carbonates normally?

A

Solid

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2
Q

What are three soluble metal carbonates?

A

-Na2CO3
-K2CO3
-(NH4)2CO3
(all aq)

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3
Q

What is an acid?

A

Acids release H+ ions in aqueous solution so they are defined as a proton (H+) donor

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4
Q

What do alkalis release in an aqueous solution?

A

OH-

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5
Q

What element do all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

What are the important acids?

A

-HCl
-HNO3 (nitric)
-H2SO4 (sulphuric)
-CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

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7
Q

What are 2 common alkalis?

A
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8
Q

What are strong acids?

A

-Proton donors that completely dissociate in aqueous solution
(HCl)

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9
Q

What are weak acids?

A

Proton donors that partially dissociate in aqueous solution (giving and equilibrium mixture)

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10
Q

What happens when you put weak acids in solution?

A

-Only a small percentage of the acid molecules dissociate

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11
Q

What are examples of strong acids?

A

-HCl
-H2SO4
-HNO3

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12
Q

What is a base?

A

-Bases neutralise acids to form salts
-Defined as a proton acceptor

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13
Q

What are examples of bases?

A

-Metal Hydroxides- Mg(OH)2
-Metal Carbonates- Na2CO3
-NH3

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14
Q

Why is CuO a base?

A

It is insoluble in water

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15
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolve in water releasing hydroxide ions

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16
Q

Why is ammonia is classed as an alkali?

A

When it is added or water, ammonium ion and hydroxide ions are formed

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17
Q

What are the most common alkalis?

A

-NaOH
-KOH
-NH3

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18
Q

What are all group 1 metal hydroxides?

A

Soluble in water and can form alkalis

19
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water

20
Q

What happens during a neutralisation reaction?

A

The H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal ammonium ions

21
Q

What does an acid + alkali and an acid + metal oxide make?

A

Salt + water

22
Q

What does an acid + (metal) carbonate make?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

What does an acid + ammonia make?

A

Ammonium salt

24
Q

What does a metal + acid make?

A

salt + hydrogen

25
Q

Why will there be effervescence when an acid + (metal) carbonate react?

A

CO2 has evolved and the solid CO2 will dissolve

26
Q

What are the observations for the acid base reactions:
-acid + solid carbonate
-acid + solid metal oxide
-acid + reactive metal

A

-Fizzing
-Solid disappears
-Colourless solution forms

27
Q

what are the observations for the acid base reactions:
-acid + aqueous carbonate
-acid+ aqueous metal hydroxide

A

-No fizzing
-No solid disappears (N/A)
-Colourless Solution forms

28
Q

What can titrations be used to do?

A

-Find conc of a solution
-Identify unknown compounds
-Determine percentage purity

29
Q

What are standard solutions?

A

Solutions is known concentrations

30
Q

What can we do in a titration?

A

accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution

31
Q

How do you prepare a 250cm3 standard solution? (starting from a solid)

A

-weigh by diff the mass of is acid into a beaker using a mass balance
-add enough distilled water to beaker to dissolve the solid
-transfer solution into a volumetric flask using a funnel
-rinse and transfer any residue down beaker and funnel into the volumetric flask
-Add distilled water up to the graduation line in the flask
-As you approach the graduation line add the water drop-wise using a pipette and ensure the bottom on the meniscus lines up with exactly with the mark
-Stopper the flask and mix by inversion

32
Q

What should the results of a tritiation be?

A

-Accurate
-Repeatable

33
Q

When is the a titration technique used good/consistent?

A

If the results are concordant or close

34
Q

What happens if salt solutions are left to evaporate at room temp?

A

-The hydrated salts are formed

35
Q

What does a hydrated salt have?

A

-The metal ion, the counter ion and water of crystallisation

36
Q

How is a hydrated salt quantified?

A

by heating until the mass remains constant when solid is cooled

37
Q

What is an example of a hydrated salt?

A

hydrated copper (ii) sulfate

38
Q

What is the metal ion in hydrated copper (ii) sulfate?

A

Cu2+

39
Q

what is the counter ion in hydrated copper (ii) sulfate?

A

SO42-

40
Q

What is the formulae for hydrated copper (ii) sulfate?

A

CuSO4•5H2O

41
Q

What is an anhydrous salt?

A

-CuSO4

42
Q

What is the water of crystallisation?

A

5H2O

43
Q

What is the hydrated salt?

A

CuSO4•5H2O (blue)

A level Chemistry Paper 1- Foundations in Chemsitry (7 decks)

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