Ch 1 Evolution and Phylogenetics

Question 1

Changes in rate/timing of development over evolutionary time

Answer 1

Heterochrony

Question 2

Retention of larval/juvenile features in adults

Answer 2

Paedomorphosis

Question 3

Diverse descendants from a common ancestral species

Answer 3

Divergent Evolution

Question 4

Similar characteristics in distantly related organisms

Answer 4

Convergent Evolution

Question 5

similar characteristics in closely related organisms

Answer 5

Parallel Evolution

Question 6

method that classifies organisms into groups by recognizing their shared characteristics

Answer 6

Cladistics

Question 7

displays shared derived characters of common ancestors

Answer 7

Cladogram

Question 8

extinct carnivorous animals

Answer 8

Mesonychids

Question 9

early ancestor of the whale; linked to the double-pulley ankle bone in whale fins

Answer 9

Eocene Protocetidae

Question 10

consists of a hypothetical common ancestor and all of its descendants, recognized on the basis of shared derived characteristics

Answer 10

monophyletic group (clade)

Question 11

shared derived characteristics

Answer 11

synapomorphies

Question 12

evolutionary relationships within a cladogram expressed in nested monophyletic groups

Answer 12

phylogeny

Question 13

functionally similar among non-homologous organisms

Answer 13

analogy

Question 14

derived characteristic possessed by one taxon and not shared by others

Answer 14

autapomorphy

Question 15

noncontradictory

Answer 15

congruent

Question 16

resemblance among taxa resulting from adaptations evolved from separate ancestors (phylogenetically homologous

Answer 16

homoplasy (convergence)

Question 17

fundamental similarity among organs in different organisms due to evolution from a precursor organ in a common ancestor

Answer 17

phylogenetic homology

Question 18

similarity among parts of a series within a single organism

Answer 18

serial homology

Question 19

parts of different sexes in the same species that develop from the same primordium

Answer 19

sexual homology

Question 20

a group of organisms that includes a hypothetical common ancestor and all of its descendants

Answer 20

monophyletic group

Question 21

group of organisms that does not contain all descendants of a hypothetical ancestor

Answer 21

paraphyletic group

Question 22

maximum congruence among data

Answer 22

parsimony

Question 23

pattern of evolutionary relationships

Answer 23

phylogeny

Question 24

primitive or ancestral character

Answer 24

plesiomorphy

Question 25

similar structures inherited from common ancestor

Answer 25

homologous structures

Question 26

structures with similar function acquired as a result of convergent evolution

Answer 26

analogous structures

Question 27

the oldest known materials are _____ billion years old

Answer 27

4.6