Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The endocrine system responds more

A

Slowly but has longer-lasting effects

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2
Q

Key characteristic of steroid hormones?

A

lipid soluble

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3
Q

Nonsteroid hormones are characteristically…?

A

amino acid/protein based

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4
Q

A key characteristic of prostaglandins is that they…?

A

exert their effects locally

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5
Q

For a given plasma concentration, hormone effectiveness can be altered by?

A

number of receptor cells

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6
Q

The anterior pituitary is controlled by…?

A

Hypothalamic hormones

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7
Q

During prolonged exercise, T3 _____, while T4 _____.

A

Decreases, plateaus

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8
Q

Which source of glucose is used preferentially by exercising muscle?

A

from muscle glycogenolysis

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9
Q

An increase in plasma osmolality is the stimulus for release of…?

A

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Leptin…

A

Is higher in obese individuals, is secreted from adipose tissue, and increases satiety

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11
Q

Erythropoiesis increases oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle by increasing the…?

A

Number of red blood cells and volume of blood pumped

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12
Q

The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate and sustain…?

A

Physical activity - the neuroendocrine system

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13
Q

Endocrine glands that control and regulate ____ or _____ _____.

A

Cell, organ activity

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14
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

______ hormones and their receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus and promote direct gene activation of mRNA synthesis.

A

Steroid

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16
Q

________ hormones work through a secondary messenger system.

A

non-steroid

17
Q

Endocrine glands are involved in….?

A

Metabolic regulation

18
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones include?

A

Growth hormone and prolactin

19
Q

Thyroid gland hormones include

A

Thyroxin and triiodothyronine

20
Q

Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) is involved with

A

maintaining salt balance

21
Q

Glucocorticoid (cortisol) is involved in the?

A

metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats.

22
Q

Gonadocorticoids are?

A

Sex hormones

23
Q

What is secreted when blood glucose increases?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What is secreted when blood glucose decreases?

A

Glucagon

25
Q

Glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol work to increase what?

A

Plasma glucose concentration

26
Q

_____ and _______ increase blood glucose uptake by muscle

A

Insulin, exercise

27
Q

Insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone controls the rate of _____ in _______.

A

Lipolysis, adipocytes.

28
Q

Which hormone responds to increased plasma osmolality?

A

ADH (vasopressin)

29
Q

Which hormone responds to decreased blood volume and pressure?

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

The _________ is the primary appetite center.

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

Gastrointestinal tract hormones:

A
  1. CCK
  2. GLP-1
  3. PYY
  4. Ghrelin
32
Q

_____ decreases appetite.

A

Leptin