Chapter 4

Question 1

The endocrine system responds more

Answer 1

Slowly but has longer-lasting effects

Question 2

Key characteristic of steroid hormones?

Answer 2

lipid soluble

Question 3

Nonsteroid hormones are characteristically…?

Answer 3

amino acid/protein based

Question 4

A key characteristic of prostaglandins is that they…?

Answer 4

exert their effects locally

Question 5

For a given plasma concentration, hormone effectiveness can be altered by?

Answer 5

number of receptor cells

Question 6

The anterior pituitary is controlled by…?

Answer 6

Hypothalamic hormones

Question 7

During prolonged exercise, T3 _____, while T4 _____.

Answer 7

Decreases, plateaus

Question 8

Which source of glucose is used preferentially by exercising muscle?

Answer 8

from muscle glycogenolysis

Question 9

An increase in plasma osmolality is the stimulus for release of…?

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Leptin…

Answer 10

Is higher in obese individuals, is secreted from adipose tissue, and increases satiety

Question 11

Erythropoiesis increases oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle by increasing the…?

Answer 11

Number of red blood cells and volume of blood pumped

Question 12

The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate and sustain…?

Answer 12

Physical activity - the neuroendocrine system

Question 13

Endocrine glands that control and regulate ____ or _____ _____.

Answer 13

Cell, organ activity

Question 14

Steroid hormones are derived from

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

______ hormones and their receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus and promote direct gene activation of mRNA synthesis.

Answer 15

Steroid

Question 16

________ hormones work through a secondary messenger system.

Answer 16

non-steroid

Question 17

Endocrine glands are involved in….?

Answer 17

Metabolic regulation

Question 18

Anterior pituitary hormones include?

Answer 18

Growth hormone and prolactin

Question 19

Thyroid gland hormones include

Answer 19

Thyroxin and triiodothyronine

Question 20

Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) is involved with

Answer 20

maintaining salt balance

Question 21

Glucocorticoid (cortisol) is involved in the?

Answer 21

metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats.

Question 22

Gonadocorticoids are?

Answer 22

Sex hormones

Question 23

What is secreted when blood glucose increases?

Answer 23

Insulin

Question 24

What is secreted when blood glucose decreases?

Answer 24

Glucagon

Question 25

Glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol work to increase what?

Answer 25

Plasma glucose concentration

Question 26

_____ and _______ increase blood glucose uptake by muscle

Answer 26

Insulin, exercise

Question 27

Insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone controls the rate of _____ in _______.

Answer 27

Lipolysis, adipocytes.

Question 28

Which hormone responds to increased plasma osmolality?

Answer 28

ADH (vasopressin)

Question 29

Which hormone responds to decreased blood volume and pressure?

Answer 29

Aldosterone

Question 30

The _________ is the primary appetite center.

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

Gastrointestinal tract hormones:

Answer 31

1. CCK
2. GLP-1
3. PYY
4. Ghrelin

Question 32

_____ decreases appetite.

Answer 32

Leptin