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Human Physiology > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Mass balance definition

A

steady state of everything

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2
Q

homeostasis defnition

A

the ability to cope with external variability by keeping their internal environment relatively stable

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3
Q

homeostasis falls within _____, not an absolute number

A

a range

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4
Q

mass balance in the body

A

everything ingested must have an equal secretion

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5
Q

clearance definition

A

rate at which a molecule disappears from the body
- how long it takes for the body to rid of a particular item

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6
Q

homeostasis vs equilibrium

A

chemical and electrical - more homeostasis due to disequilibrium
osmosis - equilibrium

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7
Q

Intracellular fluid composition

A

K+ and large anions/proteins

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8
Q

composition of plasma

A

Na+, Cl-, large anion/proteins

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9
Q

composition of interstitial fluid

A

Na+, Cl-, some HCO3-

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10
Q

does facilitated diffusion require ATP

A

no, that why it’s diffusion

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11
Q

properties of diffusion

A

-passive
-high conc to low conc
-net movement until conc is equal
-rapid over short distances
-directly related to temp
-inversely related to molecular size
-in open system or across a partition

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12
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

-structure
-enzymes
-receptors
transporters

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13
Q

structural protein function

A

-connect membrane to cytoskeleton
-create cell junctions to hold cells together
-attach cells to ECM

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14
Q

examples of ligands for receptors proteins

A

-chemical
-hormone
-electrolyte

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15
Q

channel protein properties

A

-regulates size and charge
-continuous
-fast
-general

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16
Q

carrier protein properties

A

-regulates substrates
-not continuous
-slow
-specific

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17
Q

facilitate diffusion by use of ______

A

carrier protein

18
Q

two types of active transport

A

-primary uses ATP for energy
-secondary uses potential energy

19
Q

ATP is necessary to carry substrate _____ the concentration gradient

A

against

20
Q

properties of NaK ATPase

A

3 sodium out
2 potassium in
uses 30% of all ATP produced by cell

21
Q

aspects of carrier-mediated transport

A

-specific
-competitive
-saturated

22
Q

example of secondary active transport

A

sodium glucose L transporter

23
Q

______ functions as competition for glucose transporter

A

galactose

24
Q

______ functions as a competetive inhibitor

A

maltose

25
Q

what would happen to glucose transport rates when maltose is present

A

flatline

26
Q

rate of transport is dependent on

A

-substrate concentration
-number of carrier molecules

27
Q

forms of vesicular transport

A

-phagocytosis
-endocytosis
-exocytosis

28
Q

does vesicular transport use ATP

A

yes

29
Q

phagocytosis definition

A

the cell engulfs bacterium or other particles into phagosome; pushes cell membrane

30
Q

endocytosis properties

A

-membrane surface indents and forms vesicle
-active process that can be nonselective(pinocytosis) or highly selective
-receptor-mediated uses clathrin-coated pits
-smaller than phagosomes

31
Q

ratio of ICF to ECF

A

2:1

32
Q

ratio of plasma and IF in ECF

A

1:3

33
Q

osmolarity describes

A

the number of particles in solution

34
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across a membrane in response to a solute concentration gradient

35
Q

travels from _____ osmolarity to _____

A

low to high

36
Q

tonicity depends on ______ solutes only

A

nonpenetrating

37
Q

the electrical gradient between ECF and ICF is called

A

resting membrane potential

38
Q

which ions affect resting membrane potential the most

A

sodium and large anions inside the cell

39
Q

factors influencing cell membrane potential

A

-concentration gradients of ions
-permeability of the membrane to those ions

40
Q

normal resting membrane potential

A

-70 mV

Human Physiology (11 decks)

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