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ANAT-316 > Lecture 10 - Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Nasal Cavities & Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What are nasal cavities?

A

pair of wedge-shaped spaces divided by a septum

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2
Q

How would we describe the floor and apex of the nasal cavity?

A

wide floor and narrow apex

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3
Q

How are nasal cavities separated from the oral cavity?

A

by the hard plate

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4
Q

How are nasal cavities separated from the cranial cavity and orbit?

A

by numerous different bones

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5
Q

What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. olfactory region
  2. respiratory region
  3. nasal vestibules
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6
Q

What is another name for the medial wall of the nose?

A

the nasal septum

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7
Q

What is the choana?

A

posterior opening of nasal cavities into nasopharynx

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8
Q

How is the lateral wall of the nose divided?

A

into 4 air channels by 3 nasal conchae

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9
Q

What does the olfactory region contain?

A

olfactory receptors

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10
Q

What does the respiratory region contain?

A

respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

Which region of the nose is the largest?

A

the respiratory region

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12
Q

What is the area inside the nostrils called?

A

the nasal vestibule

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13
Q

What is the nasal vestibule lined with?

A

skin + hair

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14
Q

What does each nasal cavity contain?

A

3 nasal conchae

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15
Q

What do the 3 nasal conchae create?

A

4 air channels in between them

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16
Q

What are the 3 nasal conchae called?

A

superior, middle and inferior

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17
Q

What bone are the superior and middle nasal conchae part of?

A

the ethmoid bone

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18
Q

What bones is the inferior nasal conchae part of?

A

separate bones

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19
Q

What is the is found in the nasal mucosa?

A

respiratory epithelium

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20
Q

What are conchae also known as?

A

turbinates

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21
Q

What are meatuses?

A

air channels/recesses separated by nasal conchae

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22
Q

What is the air channel above the superior concha?

A

sphenoethmoidal meatus

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23
Q

What is the air channel between the superior and middle conchae?

A

superior meatus

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24
Q

What is the air channel between the middle and inferior conchae?

A

middle meatus

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25
Q

What is the air channel below the inferior concha?

A

inferior meatus

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26
Q

What are the 4 meatuses called?

A

sphenoethmoidal, superior, middle, inferior

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27
Q

How many bones are in the ethmoid?

A

13

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28
Q

What does the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

the nasal septum

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29
Q

What does the conchae of the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

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30
Q

What does the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

the roof of the nasal cavity

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31
Q

What does the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

the orbit

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32
Q

Is the ethmoid bone paired or unpaired?

A

unpaired

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33
Q

What kind of bone is the vomer bone?

A

unpaired

34
Q

What does the vomer contribute to?

A

the nasal septum

35
Q

What does the vomer form?

A

the medial wall of the choanae

36
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity called?

A

the nasal septum

37
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the nasal septum called?

A
  1. septal cartilage
  2. ethmoid bone
  3. vomer
38
Q

Which structures of the nasal septum is soft and mobile?

A

the septal cartilage

39
Q

What is the orientation of the ethmoid bone?

A

perpendicular

40
Q

What is another name for the ethmoid bone?

A

perpendicular plate

41
Q

Which structure of the nasal septum is thin and forms the posteroinferior aspect of it?

A

vomer

42
Q

What are the choanae bordered by (3)?

A

the sphenoid bones, the horizontal plates of palatine bones, and the vome

43
Q

What are the lateral walls of the nasal cavity characterized by?

A

alternating conchae and meatuses

44
Q

What kind of surface do the lateral walls of the nasal cavity have?

A

irregular and complex surface

45
Q

What components are found in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

bone, cartilage and soft-tissue components

46
Q

What restrains and directs airflow through the nasal cavities?

A

conchae

47
Q

What facilitates warming and humidification of air between the nares and choanae?

A

large surface area

48
Q

What are the bones found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? (8)

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Nasal bone
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Ethmoid bone (incl. superior & middle conchae)
  • Inferior concha
  • Maxilla
  • Palatine bone (perpendicular plate)
  • Sphenoid bone (medial pterygoid plate)
49
Q

What are the bones found in the superior wall of the nasal cavity? (3)

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)
  • Sphenoid bone (body)
50
Q

What are the bones found in the inferior wall of the nasal cavity? (2)

A
  • Maxilla (palatine process)
  • Palatine bone (horizontal plate)
51
Q

What are the bones found in the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (2)

A
  • Ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate)
  • Vomer
52
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

branches of the opthalmic nerve (CN V1) + maxillary nerve (CN V2)

53
Q

What branches of the opthalmic nerve provide sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

the ethmoidal branches of nasociliary n.

54
Q

What branches of the maxillary nerve provide sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

nasal nerves (various branches)

55
Q

What is the nasal cavity “divided” by?

A

an oblique line between the posterior sphenoethmoidal recess + apex of nose to show pattern of innervation & blood suppl

56
Q

What carries the blood supply to the nasal cavity?

A

branches of ophthalmic artery (A) + maxillary artery (B)

57
Q

What is found within nasal cavities?

A

numerous anastomoses

58
Q

What is one of the arterial anastomoses found in the nasal cavity?

A

greater palatine artery + sphenopalatine artery

59
Q

Where does the greater palatine artery + sphenopalatine artery anastomose?

A

in the incisive canal of maxilla

60
Q

How many pairs of air sinuses surround the nasal cavity?

A

4

61
Q

What do the paranasal sinuses connect to and drain into?

A

the nasal cavity

62
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

respiratory epithelium

63
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses innervated by?

A

branches of CN V

64
Q

How are the paranasal sinuses named?

A

for the bones in which they are located

65
Q

What are the names of the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal sinus
sphenoidal sinus
ethmoidal sinus
maxillary sinus

66
Q

How do the paranasal air sinuses develop?

A

as pneumatic (air-filled) diverticula from the respiratory part of the nasal cavity

67
Q

Are the paranasal sinuses absent or present at birth?

A

absent

68
Q

When do paranasal sinuses enlarge?

A

as spaces invade the adjacent bones throughout childhood and early adolescence

69
Q

What are the 2 reasons why paranasal sinuses are important?

A
  1. they have a role in establishing facial architecture
  2. spread of infection & referred pain
70
Q

What are the 7 paranasal sinus drainages?

A
  1. Ethmoidal infundibulum
  2. Opening of maxillary sinus
  3. Opening of nasolacrimal duct
  4. Opening of posterior ethmoidal air cells
  5. Opening of sphenoidal sinus
  6. Ethmoid bulla + openings of middle ethmoidal air cells
  7. Opening of pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
71
Q

Ethmoidal infundibulum

A

frontal sinus + anterior ethmoidal air cells -> middle meatus via semilunar hiatus

72
Q

Opening of maxillary sinus

A

maxillary sinus -> middle meatus via semilunar hiatus

73
Q

Opening of nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal sac -> inferior meatus

74
Q

Opening of posterior ethmoidal air cells

A

posterior ethmoidal air cells -> superior meatus

75
Q

Opening of sphenoidal sinus

A

sphenoidal sinus -> sphenoethmoidal recess

76
Q

Ethmoid bulla + openings of middle ethmoidal air cells

A

middle ethmoidal air cells -> middle meatus

77
Q

Opening of pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

A

connection between middle ear + nasopharynx

78
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

system of orbital structures for production and drainage of lacrimal fluid (a.k.a., tears)

79
Q

What are the 4 components of the lacrimal apparatus?

A
  • Lacrimal gland + excretory ducts
  • Lacrimal canaliculi (openings = puncta)
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Nasolacrimal duct
80
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

A

nasal cavity

81
Q

What are transsphenoidal hypophysectomies?

A

surgical approach for removing the pituitary gland (hypophysis) & other tumours in /
near the sella turcica

82
Q

Why do we perform transsphenoidal hypophysectomies?

A
  • minimally invasive procedure (compared to a craniotomy, for example)
  • minimal morbidity and/or complications
  • straightforward recovery

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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