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Kinesiology > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

unit 1

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

standard starting point of the body
1. upright (standing)
2. face and feet pointing forward
3. arms at side
4. supinated forearms

patients left and right

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2
Q

anatomic planes

A

sections of the body

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3
Q

Types of cardinal planes

A

-sagittal
-transverse (horizontal)
-frontal (coronal)

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4
Q

4th plane

A

oblique

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

-left and right side
-name comes from the sagittal suture in cranium

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6
Q

Mid-sagittal plane

A

equal left and right side
median

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7
Q

para-sagittal plane

A

unequal left and right side

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8
Q

Transverse plane

A

-cross-sectional plane
-superior section (upper)
-inferior section (lower)

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9
Q

Frontal plane

A

-front section (anterior)
-back section (posterior)
name comes from the coronal suture in the cranium

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10
Q

Oblique plane

A

-not horizontal or vertical
-diagonal

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11
Q

Anatomical axes

A

-describes the direction of a movement at a joint
-always rotate perpendicular to the plane of movement

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12
Q

3 types of axes

A

-horizontal axis
-longitudinal axis
-antero-posterior axis

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13
Q

Horizontal axis

A

-extends from one side to the other side of the body
ex. backflip, front roll
-flexion and extension

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14
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

-goes from head to toe
ex. a pirouette
-rotational movements

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15
Q

Antero-posterior axis

A

from the front to the back of the body
-add and abduction

think of a knife stabing you

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16
Q

Anterior

A

towards front of the body

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17
Q

Posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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18
Q

Superior

A

being closer to the top of the body
-not including limbs

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19
Q

inferior

A

being closer to the bottom of the body
-not including limbs

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20
Q

medial

A

towards the body’s midline

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21
Q

lateral

A

away from the body’s midline

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22
Q

proximal

A

towards upper section of a limb (closer to the point of attachment)

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23
Q

distal

A

towards lower section of a limb (away from to the point of attachment)

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24
Q

superficial

A

towards/at the surface of skin

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25
Q

deep

A

further away from skin’s surface

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26
Q

terms of direction

A

anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial ,deep

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27
Q

terms of movement

A

flexion, extensions, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction

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28
Q

flexion

A

decreasing angle of a joint by bringing bones closer

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29
Q

extension

A

increasing angle of a joint by bringing bone further apart

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30
Q

hyperextension

A

extension beyond anatomical position

31
Q

where does flex/extesion occur

A

in the sagittal plane around the horizontal axis

32
Q

abduction

A

movement of limb away from midline

33
Q

adduction

A

movement of limb towards midline

34
Q

where does add/abduction occur

A

frontal plane around the antero-posterior axis

35
Q

Internal rotation

A

rotary movement towards midline

36
Q

external rotation

A

rotary movement away from midline

37
Q

where does ex/internal occur

A

transverse plane around the longitudinal axis

38
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of a limb that combines flexion, extension, add/abduction

39
Q

Inversion

A

turning the sole inwards/medially,
The medial border is elevated

40
Q

eversion

A

turning the sole outwards/latterly
lateral border is elevated

41
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

flexion of ankle that the top of the foot moves towards the anterior tibia bone
pointing foot up

42
Q

Plantar flexion

A

extension of ankle that the foot and toes are away from body
pointing foot down

43
Q

Ankle and foot movements

A

inversion, eversion, dorsi/planter flexsion

44
Q

wrist and hand movements

A

prontation, supination, radial flexion, ulnar flexion

45
Q

pronation

A

internal rotation of radius making palms face dowm

46
Q

supination

A

external rotation of radius making palms face up

47
Q

radial flexion

A

abduction at wrist of thumb side of hand towards forearm
-decrease angle between thumb and forearm

48
Q

ulnar flexion

A

abduction at wrist of pinky side of hand towards forearm
-decrease angle between pinky and forearm

49
Q

opposition of thumb

A

diagonal movement of thumb across palm surface to contact any finger

50
Q

reposition of thumb

A

returning thumb back to anatomical position

51
Q

depression

A

inferior movement of the shoulder girdle
-movement of shoulder girdle and joint, and jaw

52
Q

elevation

A

superior movement of the shoulder girdle
-movement of shoulder girdle and joint, and jaw

53
Q

protraction

A

-forward movement of shoulder girdle away from spine
-abduction of scapula
-movement of shoulder girdle and joint, and jaw

54
Q

retraction

A

-backward movement of shoulder girdle towards spine
-adduction of scapula
-movement of shoulder girdle and joint, and jaw

55
Q

Imhotep

A

-father of medicine
-author of Edwin smith papyrus (oldest medical doc)
-book idea still used (close wounds, prevent inflections,
imobolization spine injuries
-ulcers treated with cautieriszation (fire drill)

56
Q

Hipporates

A

-father of western medicine
-believe disease as caused by environment, diet and habits (not gods)
-invented hippocratic bench (uses tension to set broken bones)
-understand patient=understand disease
-detail musculoskeletal system
-first to diagnose signs of lung cancer
-oath

57
Q

alexandria

A

where aristotle and hippocrate were taught

58
Q

aristotle

A

-first to find diff between arteries and veins
-found lyceum >phyilosophy school
-embroylogy and childbirth

59
Q

Galen

A

-father of vivisection
-laryngeal nerve/ galen nerve
-showed severed spinal cords > paralysis
-used oncer (tumors and oncology study of cancer

60
Q

Arabic Civilization

A

-Avicenna
found galen was wrong about formation of human jaw and vertebral column

61
Q

Al-nafis

A

father of the theory of circulation

62
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A

-dissect corpses of dead inmates
-1 accurate depiction of human spine and description of cirrhosis of liver
-first firmly says the heart has 4 chamber
-1 scienific drawing of fetus in utero
-muscular force applied to skeleton (helped biomechanics)

63
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

-founder of modern anatomy
-human jaw was 1 bone not 2 (galen)
-2 weeks after Fabrica was released, he released De human corporis fabrica librorum epitome

64
Q

William Harvey

A

-1 correct detail of systemic circulation
-believe vein sent blood back to heart and valves in veins manitain one way flow

65
Q

Henry Gray

A

-book anatomy of the human body (gray anatomy)

66
Q

Wilholm Rontgen

A

father of diagnostic radiology
-discovered x-rays

67
Q

Egyptian Civilization

A

The George Ebers papyrus
Edwin Smith Papyrus

68
Q

Herophilus

A

-distinguished the cerebrum (larger ) from the cerebellum (smaller) and pronounced the brain to be the seat of intelligence and intellect
-1 physician to do human anatomical
studies/dissections
-noted the arterial pulse was associated with heart beat
-discovered its different sections and layers: the cornea, the retina, the iris.
-difference between motor nerves and sensory nerves
-named fallopan tubes after his assistant

69
Q

Michelangelo

A

-American medical student discovered Michelangelo planted hidden neuroanatomical imagery in the Creation of Adam

70
Q

George Ebers papyrus

A

first to have details of mental disorders (dementia and depression)

71
Q

warburton anatomy act

A

legitimate and legal supply of corpses to be used for medical research

72
Q
A
73
Q
A

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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