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Kinesiology > Articular System > Flashcards

Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

articular system

A

2 or more bones connect

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2
Q

Joints

A

-points where 2 bones connect
- most flexibility and movement
-classified by structure + function
-only bone with no joint is hyoid bone
-over 300 joints in body

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3
Q

3 types of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

cart-ah-la-ag-luhs, suh·now·vee·uhl

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4
Q

fibrous joint

A

-bound tightly by dense connective tissue
-made up of mostly collagen
-no movement
-need strength + stability rather than movement
ex. sagittal, coronal and lambdoid sutures

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5
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

-connected by cartilage
-slight movement
ex. sternocostal, intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis

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6
Q

synovial joint

A

-articulating surfaces of bones are enclosed within fluid filled capsule
-joint by ligament (tough bands of connective tissues)
-230 synovial joints
-6 sub-class

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7
Q

synovial joint key features

A

-articular capsule
-articular cartilage
-synovial fluid

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8
Q

types of synovial joint

A

-ball and socket
-hinge
-saddle
-gliding
-pivot
-ellipsoid

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9
Q

ball and socket joint

A

-spherical ball of bone fits in cup-shaped socket of another
-movement triaxial (3)
-most free-moving
-shoulder (glenohumeral) + hip (acetabulofemoral)

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10
Q

saddle joint

A

-articulating surfaces look like a pair of saddles turned 90 angle to one another
-biaxial
-base of thumb (1st Carpometacarpal) sternoclavicular joint

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11
Q

hinge joint

A

-convex of one bone fits into concave protion of other
-uniaxial flex/ex
-elbow (humeroulnar) interphalageal joint (knuckles) of fin/toes, talotibial joint of ankle

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12
Q

gliding joint

A

-planar joint
-articulating surfaces are between flat bones
-only sliding
-intercarpal + intertarsal, AC joint, sacroiliac joint

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13
Q

pivot joint

A

-rounded point of 1 bone fits in groove of another
-uniaxial (rotate long axis)
-AA joint, prox+distal radioulnar joint

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14
Q

ellipsoid joint

A

-articulating surfaces are like an egg fits into a depression
-biaxial
-called condyloid joint
-wrist, Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal joints, AO Joint

uh·lip·soyd

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15
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

TMJ
-only movable joint of skull
-mandible fits into mandibular fossa of temporal bone
-combo of hing and gliding joint

-tempr-o-man-di-byou-lr

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16
Q

TMJ syndrome

A

-painful
-caused by clenching teeth, misaligned bite, arthritis osteoarthritis

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17
Q

Shoulder joint

A

-head of humerus articulates with glenoid fossa
-glenohumeral GH joint
-greatest range of movement
-dislocated more than any other
-stability of GH joint depends of strength of 4 rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

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18
Q

other shoulder complex

A

-acromioclavicular AC joint
-sternoclavicular SC joint

uh-crow-me-okluh-vic-Ul-r

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19
Q

scapulothoracic motion

A

AC and SC joint- el/depression + re/protraction

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20
Q

SITS

A

muscles hold the head of humerus in glenoid fossa

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21
Q

glenoid labrum

A

-rim of fibrocartilage around edge of glenoid fossa> makes slightly deeper + enlarge the glenoid fossa

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22
Q

bursa

A

-4 small fluid-filled sacs found in the knee joint that reduce the friction between skin, tendons, ligaments, and bone.

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23
Q

elbow joint

A

-uniaxial
-humeroulnar joint
-articulation between olecranon fossa (hum) and olecranon of ulna
-hinge joint (flex/ext)

O-l-cran-in

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24
Q

other elbow joints

A

-humeroradial joint+ proxmial radioulnar joint
-all 3 are enclosed within single articular capsule
-strengthened by 2 ligaments (side to side movements)

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25
Q

ligaments for elbow joint

A

-ulnar collateral ligament UCL
-radial collateral ligament RCL

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26
Q

UCL

A

-triangle shape
-medial epicondyle of humerus + medial side of proximal ulna
-often injured forceful extension (baseball)

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27
Q

UCL surgery

A

tommy john surgery

28
Q

RCL

A

-supports lateral side of elbow
-supports head pf radius during pronation and supination.

29
Q

Wrist joint

A

-radiocarpal joint
-concave distal end of radius + convex proximal row of carpal bone
-no ulna due to articular disk
-ellipsoid joint
flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

30
Q

scaphoid bone fracture

A

FOOSH
-falling on an outstretching hand
-risk of avascular necrosis (AVN)
missed fracture prone to osteoarthritis

31
Q

Hip joint

A

-acetabulofemoral joint
-head of femur articulates with acetabulum of pelvis
-2nd largest range of movement
-actebulum and acetabula labrum has more than 1/2 of femoral head

ass-o-tab-bu-low–femoral

32
Q

hip joint function

A

-1 of the most secure + strong + stable joint because very strong ligament + deep socket
-supports weight of body in static and dynamic postures

33
Q

ankle joint

A

3
-talocruval joint
-subtalar joint
-distal tibiofibular joint

34
Q

talocruval joint

A

-hinge joint
-dorsiflexsion and plantar flexion

35
Q

subtalar joint

A

-gliding joint
-inversion and eversion

36
Q

Largest joint

A

knee joint

37
Q

knee joint

A

-3 articulations + 2 joints
-femur doesn’t connect with fibula

38
Q

Types of knee joints

A

-tibiofemoral joint
-patellofemoral joint

39
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

-distal femur and proximal tibia
-once said to be hing J but modified ellipsoid J
>biaxial and rotational
-rounded condyles roll on tibial plateau

40
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

-anteriorly femur + patella
-gliding joint
-slides vertically within patellar groove on distal femur

41
Q

patella

A

-sesamoid
-quadriceps tendons above the knee
-below patella (tibia tuberosity tendon + patellar tendon)

42
Q

knee construction

A

-articular cartilage
-patellar tendon
-medial collateral ligament
-lateral collateral ligament

43
Q

articular cartilage

A

-covers ends of femur + tibia + posterior patella
-function-absorb shock+ slippery surface

44
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

-broad ligament that supports + resists forces pushing knee medially

45
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

-strong rounded ligament
-lateral supports
-knee

46
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

-connect femur + tibia within joint capsule
-anterior cruciate ligament
-posterior cruciate liagment
-major stabilizing ligaments of knee
-controls rotation of knee joint

cru-she-ate

47
Q

ACL

A

-helps stop forward movement of tibia
-stretched or torn in 70% of serious injuries
-reconstruction using patellar tendon

48
Q

PCL

A

-stops posterior movement of tibia

49
Q

RIsk of ACL injury

A
  • higher chance of ACL tear because of wider Q angle >quadriceps
    -women have wider pelvis> higher Q angle> 18 degrees
    -men-13 degrees
50
Q

What is the name of the 2 discs between the femur and the tibia?

A

-2 thick fibrocartilage disk
-medial meniscus semi circular
-lateral meniscus nearly circular

51
Q

Menisci function

A

-protects articular cartilage
-compensate for weird shape of articulating bones
-Distribute weight
-Provide stability
-Circulate synovial fluid within the capsule

52
Q

What does TMJ stand for

A

temporomandibular joint

53
Q

effects of aging on joints

A

-decrease in synovial fluid within capsule
-articular cartilage becomes thinner
-ligaments become shorter + less flexible

54
Q

Arthritis

A

-inflammation of a joint

55
Q

most common types of arthritis

A

-rheumatoid arthritis
-osteoarthritis

roo·muh·toyd

56
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

-auto-immune disease
-tissue thickens
-accumulation of synovial fluid
-tissue calcified >no function

57
Q

osteoarthritis

A

-chronic degenerative condition
-damage at joint> can’t repair
-cartilage wears away

58
Q

bursitis

A

-inflammation of 1 or more bursae
-blow to area + friction

59
Q

most common areas for bursitis

A

subacromial bursae> near GH J
olecranon bursae of elbow

60
Q

dislocation

A

-a separation of two bones at a joint

61
Q

why does the GH J dislocates alot

A

-weak ligaments
-shallowness of glenoid fossa

62
Q

Sprain -shoulder

A

Ac J sprain 1 or 2 degree of separation
coracoclavicular J sprain 3rd degree

63
Q

4 major ligaments of the knee join

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

64
Q

Q angle

A

-line from the centre of the patella to the ASIS and another from tibial tuberosity to the centre of the patella
-greater than 20 degrees

65
Q

What joints allow for supination and pronation?

A

radioulnar joint

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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