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Human Anatomy And Physiology / Lab > Lecture 2 Slides > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relanely stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes

A dynamic state of EQUILIBRIUM

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2
Q

Homeostasis control mechanisms are:

A

To involve continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors

Nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones

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3
Q

Components of a control mechanism

A

Receptor(sensor)

Control Center

Effector

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4
Q

Receptor (sensor)

A

Monitors the environment

And responds to stimuli

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5
Q

Control Center

A

Determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

Receives input from receptor

Determines appropriate response

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6
Q

Effector

A

Receives output from the control center

Provides the means to respond

Response acts to reduce or enhance the stimulu (feeback)

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7
Q

What is negate feedback

A

Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus

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8
Q

Example of negate feedback

A

Regulation of body temp when sick

(a nervous mechanism)

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9
Q

What is positive feedback

A

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

Ex: Controls enhancement of labor contractions
Platelet plug formation and blood

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10
Q

Homeostatic imbalance

A

Is the disturbance of homeostasis I these imbalances can increase risk of disease

Also contribute to changes associate with aging

Can allow destructive POSITIVE feedback mechanisms to take over

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11
Q

Standardized position is when

A

The body is erect

Facing the observer

Eyes facing forward

Feet slightly apart and flat

Arms at side

Palms facing forward, thumbs pointed away from the body

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12
Q

Use standard position from which to

A

Describe terms

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13
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the head end on upper part of the

Directional term

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14
Q

Inferior (claudial)

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

Directional term

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15
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Front of the body

Directional term

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16
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward the back of the body

Directional term

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17
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline

Directional term

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

Directional term

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19
Q

Intermediate

A

Between more medial and a more lateral structure

Directional term

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20
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Directional term

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21
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to body trunk

Directional term

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22
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward ur at the body surface

Directional term

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23
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away frown the body surface, more internal

Directional term

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24
Q

Regional terms

A

Axial

Appendicular

They designate specific areas

25
Q

Axial

A

Vital

Head, neck, trunk

26
Q

Appendicular

A

Limbs (upper and lower)

27
Q

Cephalic region

A

Frontal, orbital , nasal, oval, mental

28
Q

Cervical region

A

Neck

29
Q

Thoracic region

A

axillary ,mammary sternal

30
Q

Abdominal region

A

Umbilical

31
Q

Pelvic region

A

Inguinal (groin)

32
Q

Pubic region

A

Genitalia

33
Q

Upper limb region

A

Acromial

brachial (arm)

Antecubital

Antebrachical (forearm)

Carpal (wrist)

34
Q

Manus (hand) region

A

Palmer

pollex

Digital

35
Q

Lower limb region

A

coxal

Femoral

Patellar

Crural

Fibulae or peroneal

36
Q

Pedal (foot)

A

Tarsal (peroneal)

Metatarsal

Digital

Hallux

37
Q

Minus hand region posterior / dorsal side

A

Metacarpal

Digital

38
Q

Plane

A

An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

39
Q

Section

A

One of the 2 surfaces that result when body is cut by a plane passing through it

40
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body or organ vertically into left and right sides

41
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Produces = parts

42
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Produces unequal halves

43
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Divides the body vertically into front and back portions

44
Q

Transverse or horizontal plane

A

Divides the body or organ into upper or lower portions

45
Q

Oblique section

A

Cuts diagonally

46
Q

Dorsal body cavity houses the

A

Central nervous system

 Cranial- contains the brain
  vertebral - contains the spinal card
47
Q

Ventral body cavity houses the

A

Internal organs (viscera)

thoracic - contains heart and lung
 adominal- contains digestive viscera
  pelvic - contains urinary, bladder, reproductive organs rectum
48
Q

Thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities are separated by the

A

Diaphragm

49
Q

Serous membrane

A

Thin double layered membrane separated by serous fluid

50
Q

Parietal serosa lines

A

The Internal walls so basically covers the visceral wall

51
Q

Visceral serosa covers the

A

Internal organs

52
Q

The abdominopelvic quadrants

A
53
Q

Umbilical region

A

Centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus

54
Q

Epigastric region

A

Superior to the umbilical region

55
Q

Hypogastric or pubic region:

A

Inferior to the umbilical region

56
Q

Iliac or inguinal regions

A

Lateral to the hypogastric region

57
Q

Lumbar region

A

Lateral to the umbilical region

58
Q

Hypochondriac regions

A

Lateral to epigastric region and deep to the ribs

59
Q

Cavities around the head area

A

Orbital - house eyes

Nasal - within and posterior the nose

Oral - mouth

Middle ear - medial to eardrums

Synovial - joint between neck vertebrate

Human Anatomy And Physiology / Lab (9 decks)

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