Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons…

A

Transit signals to and from the CNS

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2
Q

What is the membrane potential created by?

A

Electrolyte distribution across membranes

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3
Q

Localized changes in membrane potential are triggered by the _____ ______.

A

Local environment

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4
Q

Action potentials occur with complete ________ of the neuron.

A

Depolarization

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5
Q

Myelination…

A

Speeds transmission of nerve impulses

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6
Q

Larger diameter = ______ transmission

A

Faster

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7
Q

Impulses are propagated across the synapse by ___________.

A

Neurotransmitters

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8
Q

The neuromuscular junction is a

A

Specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell

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9
Q

What are the two major neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are

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10
Q

The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is the location for?

A

Motor control functions

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11
Q

Key point of primary motor cortex?

A

Pyramidal cell neurons, conscious control of skeletal muscles.

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12
Q

Key point of basal ganglia?

A

Nerve cell clusters are important for initiating sustained movements

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13
Q

Diencephalon is composed mostly of the ______ and ________.

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

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14
Q

The ________ helps control rapid and complex muscular activities.

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

The brain stem is composed of the ______, ____, and _______ _______.

A

Midbrain. pons, and medulla oblongata

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16
Q

3 Key points of the Spinal Cord

A
  1. connected to the brain via medulla oblongata
  2. Carries both sensory and motor fibers
  3. Allows conduction of nerve impulses to and from the brain
17
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) controls?

A

Senses, movement, and unconscious processes

18
Q

The two main subsystems of the PNS:

A
  1. Autonomic
  2. Somatic
19
Q

Autonomic vs Somatic?

A

Subconscious, conscious

20
Q

PNS sensory division contains?

A

mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors

21
Q

Motor division is the origin of ______ ________ ______ from the CNS

A

efferent nerve impulses

22
Q

Autonomic nervous system controls?

A

Involuntary functions (HR, vasodilation, BP, metabolic rate, liver glucose release, kidney blood flow, etc.)

23
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?

A

Digestion, urine production, hormone secretion, coronary vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction.

24
Q

The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system tend to ______ the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Oppose

25
Q

Sensory Input can…?

A

Terminate at various levels of the CNS

26
Q

Reflex activity is the…?

A

Simplest form of motor control

27
Q

Muscle spindles monitor _____ _____.

A

muscle length

28
Q

Golgi tendon organs monitor what?

A

Tension in muscle-tendon complex

29
Q

What triggers a motor response?

A

alpha-motor neurons