Chapter 3

Question 1

Neurons…

Answer 1

Transit signals to and from the CNS

Question 2

What is the membrane potential created by?

Answer 2

Electrolyte distribution across membranes

Question 3

Localized changes in membrane potential are triggered by the _____ ______.

Answer 3

Local environment

Question 4

Action potentials occur with complete ________ of the neuron.

Answer 4

Depolarization

Question 5

Myelination…

Answer 5

Speeds transmission of nerve impulses

Question 6

Larger diameter = ______ transmission

Answer 6

Faster

Question 7

Impulses are propagated across the synapse by ___________.

Answer 7

Neurotransmitters

Question 8

The neuromuscular junction is a

Answer 8

Specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell

Question 9

What are the two major neurotransmitters?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are

Question 10

The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is the location for?

Answer 10

Motor control functions

Question 11

Key point of primary motor cortex?

Answer 11

Pyramidal cell neurons, conscious control of skeletal muscles.

Question 12

Key point of basal ganglia?

Answer 12

Nerve cell clusters are important for initiating sustained movements

Question 13

Diencephalon is composed mostly of the ______ and ________.

Answer 13

Thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 14

The ________ helps control rapid and complex muscular activities.

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

The brain stem is composed of the ______, ____, and _______ _______.

Answer 15

Midbrain. pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 16

3 Key points of the Spinal Cord

Answer 16

1. connected to the brain via medulla oblongata
2. Carries both sensory and motor fibers
3. Allows conduction of nerve impulses to and from the brain

Question 17

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) controls?

Answer 17

Senses, movement, and unconscious processes

Question 18

The two main subsystems of the PNS:

Answer 18

1. Autonomic
2. Somatic

Question 19

Autonomic vs Somatic?

Answer 19

Subconscious, conscious

Question 20

PNS sensory division contains?

Answer 20

mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors

Question 21

Motor division is the origin of ______ ________ ______ from the CNS

Answer 21

efferent nerve impulses

Question 22

Autonomic nervous system controls?

Answer 22

Involuntary functions (HR, vasodilation, BP, metabolic rate, liver glucose release, kidney blood flow, etc.)

Question 23

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?

Answer 23

Digestion, urine production, hormone secretion, coronary vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction.

Question 24

The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system tend to ______ the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 24

Oppose

Question 25

Sensory Input can…?

Answer 25

Terminate at various levels of the CNS

Question 26

Reflex activity is the…?

Answer 26

Simplest form of motor control

Question 27

Muscle spindles monitor _____ _____.

Answer 27

muscle length

Question 28

Golgi tendon organs monitor what?

Answer 28

Tension in muscle-tendon complex

Question 29

What triggers a motor response?

Answer 29

alpha-motor neurons