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Dosage II > Lecture 5: Sterile Liquid Formulations > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Sterile Liquid Formulations Flashcards

1
Q

Isotonicity

A

-maintaining and possessing a uniform tension or tone of cell membrane/tissues

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2
Q

over time, concentrations tend to

A

equilize

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3
Q

Equilibrium can happen in 2 ways:

A
  1. diffusion
  2. osmosis
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4
Q

Diffusion

A

-permeable membrane
-solute moves from high to low

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5
Q

Osmosis

A

-SEMIpermeable membrane
-water moves high to low
-membrane does not allow solute to move so it brings in water to dillute it
-concentration is equal but volume changes

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6
Q

Parenteral vehicles have the ability to

A

-shrink
-burst open blood and venous epithelial cells

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7
Q

Cell membranes are

A

semipermeable

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8
Q

semipermeable

A

-somethings can or cant cross
-viable cell

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9
Q

Impermeable membrane

A

-cell starves

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10
Q

permeable membrane

A

-cell dies as empty shell

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11
Q

RBCs

A

-semipermeable
-only water can move in/out via osmosis
-has no capacity to expand = bursts

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12
Q

Hypotonic vehicles

A

-doesnt have to be water
-can be anything relatively dilute

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13
Q

Osmometer

A

-measures osmolarity and osmolality of preparations
-uses colligative properties

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14
Q

Colligative properties

A

-properties of solutions that depend on quantity of molecular paricles in solution rather than the chemical nature of the dissolved materials

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15
Q

Measurable Colligative properties

A

-freezing point depression
-lowerning of vapor pressure
-OSMOTIC pressure!
-elevation of boiling point

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16
Q

Any solute dissolved has the same effect as something else

A

-penicillin = sodium
-chemical property doesnt matter
-what matters is how it effects concnentration

17
Q

Osmolarity and osmolality are determined by

A

-total concentration of solutes dissolved
-including the drug

18
Q

Molarity vs Osmolarity

A
19
Q

Molarity eq

A

mols solute/L of solution

20
Q

Osmolarity eq

A

Osmoles solute/L of solution

a/a+b

= Molarity * (m-particles/1molecule)

21
Q

1 molecule of NaCl yields

A

-2 ions
-2 m-particles
-2 osmols

22
Q

1 molecule dextros yields

A

-1 molecule
-1 particle
-1 osmole

23
Q

Salt particles

A

-dissociate in solution
-inc # of particles
-NaCl = Na + Cl

24
Q

Molality

A

amt of solute/amt of SOLVENT

25
Q

Osmolality

A

osmoles of solute/ kg of SOLVENT

a/b

26
Q

When are osmolarity and osmolality similar?

A

-LOW concentrations
-DO NOT USE INTERCHANGEABLY in high concentrations

27
Q

70% concentration dextrose ???

A
28
Q

Iso-osmotic vs isotonic

A

iso means equal
-equal to BLOOD SERUM
-osmolarity is a number (concentration)
-tonicity looks at EFFECT (concentration of good stuuf or bad stuff)

29
Q

Serum osmolality range

A

275-310 mOsmol/kg

30
Q

Tonicity

A

-refers to EFFECT on cells
-sulfuric acid and NS can have same osmolarity but sulfuric acid is NOT isotonic bc it will kill cell

31
Q

If a solution is isoTONIC it must be

A

isoOSMOTIC

32
Q

mix iso-osmotic solutions yields

A

iso-osmotic mixed solution
-recall colligative properties

33
Q

mix isotonic solutions yields

A

-isotonic mixed solution
-all non-damaging

34
Q

Normal saline and D5W

A

-isotonic
-NOT always interchangable
-wont damage cell but might damage drug
-always check monograph

35
Q

compatibility

A

-separate issue that must be checked every time

36
Q

using an iso-OSMOTIC solution to dissolve large amt of drug results in

A

=hyperosmotic solution
-presence of drug adds to total osmolarity

37
Q

HYPOosmotic solution can

A

-BURST cells
-hemolysis

38
Q

HYPERosmotic solution

A

-SHRINKS cells
-lesser of two evils
-better to be HYPER if it cannot be ISO

Dosage II (20 decks)

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