Government, the rights of the king and people

Question 1

English population in 1271

Answer 1

4.75M

Question 2

What was England’s wealth dependent on?

Answer 2

Wool trade

Question 3

What ensured the Church’s influence in Edward’s early reign?

Answer 3

Many of the king’s advisers were clerics as they could read/write

Question 4

In ____ , clergy voted _ to finance Edward’s crusade.

Answer 4

In 1267, clergy voted 1/20 of income as a tax to the king to finance his crusade

Question 5

Languages that Edward spoke

Answer 5

French, Anglo-Norman, Latin and English

Question 6

When was Simon de Montfort defeated?

Answer 6

1265 at Evesham

Question 7

What was Redemption?

Answer 7

(Prince) Edward told rebel barons that they could buy back their land under this process. Depending on how guilty they were judged to be by the king, redemption costed anything between two and seven years’ income.

Question 8

When was the Boston fair and what happened there?

Answer 8

July 1288
The biggest wool fair in England because over 1/ 3 of England’s wool was exported from Boston.

One day some local squires arranged a tournament where the people dressed as monks. However one of them hid weapons under his robe and caused a riot which started a fire, burning part of the town. Several deaths. Many stalls were looted also.

Only 1 man was caught and hanged (Robert Chamberlain)

Shows poor justice system

Question 9

What were the Ragman Rolls?

Answer 9

-Edward decided to investigate abuses of power and encroachment of royal rights
-Complaints were delivered to London, hundred by hundred

Question 10

Hundred rolls dates

Answer 10

1274, 1275

Question 11

Hundred rolls reissued

Answer 11

1279, 1280

Question 12

Quo Warranto

Answer 12

1278
Edward was still in debt so sent officials to inquire about infringements on his royal rights

Edward gained a lot of land as many couldn’t prove ownership of it

Question 13

Statutes of Mortmain

Answer 13

1279 and 1290
Tried to prevent land going too the Church without the King’s permission
Attempt to gain feudal obligations from church

Question 14

Edward’s first Parliament

Answer 14

April 1275
Biggest parliament in medieval history with >800 in attendance

Question 15

Why was Edward’s first parliament so big? (2)

Answer 15

-He wanted to tax merchants to pay off his crusading debts
-He wanted to make people aware of the Statute of Westminster

Question 16

Significance of the Statutes of Mortmain

Answer 16

It needed to be implemented twice: shows power of the church

Question 17

1st Statute of Westminster

Answer 17

1275
Dealt with complaints from the Ragman Rolls
Included guidance for grievances such as dealing with unwanted guests in religious houses, purveyance and tolls.

Question 18

2nd Statute of Westminster

Answer 18

1285
Addressed grievances brought to the king’s notice
Tried to make the law/trial process faster
Made roads safer by clearing woods by highways so criminals couldn’t attack carriages

Question 19

Statute of Merchants

Answer 19

1285
Gave rights to traders and protected them from fraudulent deals
This was in response to large scale fraud in the wool and wine trade
Debtors could be imprisoned if they didn’t pay
Built upon the Statute of Acton Burnell, 1283

Question 20

Repairing London Bridge

Answer 20

1274: Leaders of London complained about the bridge’s state
Taxes paid to the Crown were supposed to pay for the upkeep, however Henry III had been keeping it personally (1269)
Edward had the taxes redirected to fix the Bridge.

Question 21

Significance of London Bridge repairs

Answer 21

Caused tension between Eleanor and Edward but he redirected the taxes anyway as he was determined to be different to his father and remain fair to his subjects.

Question 22

What roles did Robert Burnell have?

Answer 22

-Lord Chancellor
-Bishop of Bath and Wells
Both 1275-1292

Question 23

Robert Burnell- wealthy

Answer 23

Owned 82 manors in 19 counties
1282 and 1285: Loaned the king 3000 marks
Priest in multiple parishes so could collect money from people

Question 24

Robert Burnell- trusted diplomat

Answer 24

1286: paid homage to King Philip IV of France
1288: Was sent to Gascony for royal business

Question 25

How many times was parliament summoned during Edward’s reign?

Answer 25

46 times in 20 years

Question 26

Why did Edward invite common citizens to Parliament?

Answer 26

Armies needed lower classes to fight for them, so it was therefore important for them to be heard.

Question 27

Why was it called the ‘model parliament’?

Answer 27

The 1295 parliament was seen as the first representative parliament

Question 28

Reissuing Magna Carta

Answer 28

1297
To pay for wars, Edward imposed new taxes without consulting Parliament first
Provoked another confrontation with the Barons
Magna Carta had to be reissued to show his commitment to peace to avoid conflicts like the ones in Henry III’s rule (Barons’ War, Simon de Montfort)