Historic Environment: North Wales 1272-1307

Question 1

Welsh population 13th century

Answer 1

300,000

Question 2

When was the 2nd Welsh war?

Answer 2

1282

Question 3

Who was the chief castle architect?

Answer 3

James St George

Question 4

1st Justiciar of North Wales

Answer 4

Otto of Granson

Question 5

How were Edward’s castles in Wales symbolic?

Answer 5

Built a castle at Conwy where Llywelyn had a great hall
Built a castle at Gwynedd as it was Llywelyn’s ancestral home

Question 6

How much does Edward spend on castles?

Answer 6

£80,000 over 12 years

Question 7

Why did Edward build castles?

Answer 7

-Discourage rebellions
-Anglicise the Welsh by building towns that marginalised them
-Use them as a means to establish further laws and customs to anglicise the Welsh

Question 8

Beaumaris castle cost

Answer 8

£15,000

Question 9

Beaumaris construction dates

Answer 9

1295-1315

Question 10

What do the structure of castles reflect?

Answer 10

Power and resources of the English rule
Can withstand attacks from the Welsh

Question 11

Which castles were attacked in the 1290s?

Answer 11

1294-95
Attacks on Conwy, Harlech and Caernarfon castles

Question 12

Outcome of 1290s castle attacks

Answer 12

Attacks were unsuccessful as Conwy and Harlech castles could be supplied from Ireland and Chester
Royal officials killed at Caernarfon

Question 13

Response to 1290s castle attacks

Answer 13

Large numbers of troops were sent from Flint and Rhuddlan castles to suppress Welsh resistance

Question 14

Why were Welsh attacks hard to prevent in the short term but easier in the long term?

Answer 14

-Some castles were difficult or expensive to supply
-However the castles became more established in the long term