Emergency Triage and Shock

Question 1

What do the following CPR codes mean?
- Red
- Yellow
- Green

Answer 1

• Red: DNR (No CPR)
• Yellow: Closed chest CPR
• Green: Open chest CPR (Surgical)

Question 2

What does ABC stand for?

Answer 2

Airway Breathing Circulation

Question 3

What are some airway items that can be found in a crash cart?

Answer 3

Endotracheal tubes, Laryngoscopes, Mouth gags, and Gauze

Question 4

What are some breathing items that can be found in a crash cart?

Answer 4

O2 source or Ambu Bag

Question 5

What are some circulation items that can be found in a crash cart?

Answer 5

IV catheters, IV fluids

Question 6

Shock is defined as ___

Answer 6

inadequate cellular energy production. This most commonly occurs secondary to poor perfusion or uneven blood flow resulting in critical decreases in oxygen delivery.

Question 7

This is the most common form of shock. This form of shock results from a reduction in circulating blood volume such as bleeding, dehydration, and effusive fluid loss.

Answer 7

Hypovolemic shock

Question 8

This type of shock is associated with decreased cardiac output. This type of shock can result from heart failure such as cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Answer 8

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 9

This type of shock is a result of the reduction of oxygen in arterial blood such as anemia and lack of hemoglobin.

Answer 9

Hypoxic Shock

Question 10

This type of shock is caused by inadequate nutrients available for cellular energy production, such as hypoglycemia.

Answer 10

Metabolic Shock

Question 11

This type of shock is a result of maldistribution of blood flow associated with vasodilation and decreased effective blood volume such as heatstroke, trauma, anaphylaxis, and sepsis.

Answer 11

Distributive Shock

Question 12

This type of shock is associated with an actual blockage in blood flow. Examples are GDV (Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus), pericardial effusion, and caval syndrome.

Answer 12

Obstructive Shock

Question 13

What are the two stages of shock?

Answer 13

Stage 1: Compensatory
Stage 2: Decompensatory

Question 14

This is the first stage of shock. Clinical signs include increased HR and RR, rapid CRT, brick red mucous membranes, and bounding pulses.

Answer 14

Compensatory Shock

Question 15

This is the state of shock that we most commonly see our patients in. This is the second phase of shock. Symptoms include weak pulses, rapid HR, increase CRT, pale mm, hypothermia, and dull mentation.

Answer 15

Decompensatory shock

Question 16

An obtunded patient exhibits __

Answer 16

a moderate reduction in alertness and an increase response time to stimuli.

Question 17

A stuporous patient exhibits __

Answer 17

deep sleep like symptoms and can only be aroused by vigorous and repetitive stimulation.

Question 18

___ is a byproduct of anaerobic cell metabolism. Increases in this byproduct, known as ___, may indicate inadequate tissue oxygenation.

Answer 18

Lactate, Hyperlactatemia

Question 19

Treatment of shock includes

Answer 19

Oxygen therapy, Venous access, Fluid resuscitation, Whole blood or PRBCs, or Sympathomimetic drugs (Epinephrine)