Metabolic and Endocrine Emergencies

Question 1

Absolute or relative insulin deficiency is known as __ __

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 2

One interesting clinical sign of a feline DKA patient is __

Answer 2

Plantigrade Stance (Tarsus on the ground)

Question 3

The following symptoms are are clinical signs of ___.
Weakness
Depression to stupor
Tachypnea or Kussmaul respirations
Anorexia
Vomiting
Acetone smell to breath

Answer 3

DKA

Question 4

What is the first step in treating DKA?

Answer 4

Administering IV fluids due to severe diuresis caused by hyperglycemia

Question 5

What must you do before starting an IV infusion of insulin, and why?

Answer 5

Flush 50 ml of solution through the line
**Insulin sticks to plastic

Question 6

What solution is often given to a DKA patient once their BG is < 300 mg/dl?

Answer 6

Dextrose

Question 7

___ ___ develops when insulin levels are insufficient to meet the body’s basic metabolic requirements

Answer 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 8

A deficiency in the production of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), or both, by the adrenal glands is called an __ __ __

Answer 8

Acute Addisonian Crisis

Question 9

__ are important for regulating electrolyte status.

Answer 9

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 10

Lack of aldosterone = loss of Na, Cl, and free water in urine and retention of K, H, and Ca.
These severe electrolyte imbalances and dehydration result in the shock and cardiac effects seen in __ __

Answer 10

Addisonian crisis

Question 11

Glucocorticoids primary functions include maintaining __ __ and prevention of __

Answer 11

GI integrity and prevention of shock

Question 12

The goal of treatment for an Acute Addisonian Crisis is to rapidly treat __, replace depleted __, correct electrolyte imbalances, and provide hormone replacement

Answer 12

Shock,

Question 13

Hypercalcemia can be indicative of