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Step 2 Big Time Study Deck > Deck 5 > Flashcards

Deck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

bone deformities in babies with congenital syph

A

metaphyseal erosions, lucencies and periosteitis

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2
Q

when do children get the MMR vaccine

A

first dose 1 yr, second dose 4yrs

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3
Q

signs of rubella

A

fever and cephalocaudal maculopapular rash

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4
Q

tethered cord reflexes

A

hyporeflexia

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5
Q

atlantoaxial instability signs

A

hyperreflexia, urinary accidents, etc.

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6
Q

patients that can have atlantoaxial instability

A

down syndrome

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7
Q

when do the electrolyte changes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia show

A

1-2 weeks later

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8
Q

presentations of placental aromatase deficiency

A

both maternal and infant virulization

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9
Q

what are testosterone levels like in infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

elevated! bc the 17-hydroxy gets converted to testosterone

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10
Q

signs of transfusion overload

A

respiratory distress, increased HR, increased BP, pulmonary edema

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11
Q

treatment of transfusion overload

A

furosemide

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12
Q

what is first line management of eneuresis

A

urinalysis

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13
Q

which type of leukemia can have a mediastinal mass

A

T-ALL

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14
Q

what is constitutional small growth

A

this is when babies are just small bc their parents were also small

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15
Q

describe the growth patterns seen in fetal growth restriction

A

can be symmetric or asymmetric where the head and length are normal but the weight is <3rd percentile

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16
Q

what causes fetal growth restriction

A

placental insufficiency

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17
Q

timing of insult that causes asymmetric vs. symmetric FGR

A

asymmetric is typically later in like 2nd or third trimester, symmetric is earlier in first semester

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18
Q

signs of tularemia

A

cough, fever, malaise, ulcers, tender lymphadenopathy

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19
Q

causes of unilateral cervical lymphadenitis

A

anaerobic bacteria from dental caries, bartonella, tularemia, staph and strep

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20
Q

in bartonella what are the features

A

cervical lymphadenitis and a scratch elsewhere

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21
Q

antibiotic therapy for cervical lymphadenitis

A

clinda!

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22
Q

what is considered hepatomegaly in a neonate

A

> 3cm below costal margin

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23
Q

risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia

A

ABO incompatiblitly, cephalohematoma, coombs neg hemolysis, polycythemia

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24
Q

what are pulses like in aortic coarc

A

they are normal or elevated in arms and low in femoral/foot pulses

25
Q

what is giong on if an infant has lower oxygen sat in their foot compared to hand

A

they have a R to L shunt somewhere

26
Q

pathophys behind persisitent pulmonary hypertension in the neonate

A

persistence of fetal circulation I.e. increased pulmonary vascular resistance

27
Q

where do you hear HOCM

A

in the tricuspid area

28
Q

what causes the murmur in hocm

A

its the motion of the mitral leaflet hitting the enlarged LV septum

29
Q

treatment of bronchiolitis

A

supportive care only

30
Q

characteristics of the throat in infectious mono

A

exudative (+/-) pharyngitis

31
Q

what happens if you give someone with mono amoxicillin

A

they develop a rash

32
Q

management of children with vesicouretal reflux

A

prophylactic antibiotics

33
Q

how do you get aplastic anemia

A

after infections like hepatitis, EBV, HIV etc. or it can be idiopathic

34
Q

PEP for gonorrhea exposure

A

ceftriaxone (for the gonn) and doxy for chlamydia coinfection

35
Q

what is the anemia like in spherocytosis

A

it is normocytic normochromic

36
Q

what is the anemia like in sickle cell

A

normocytic normochromic

37
Q

signs of bone breakage

A

swelling, pain, no erythema, crepitus

38
Q

CBC findings of a child with pertussis

A

lyphocytic pleocytosis

39
Q

signs of hypoglycemia in the neonate

A

jitteriness, macrosmnia

40
Q

signs of charcot marie tooth

A

distal muscle weakness and atrophy, hyporeflexia, sensory deficits, hammar toes, scoliosis, etc.

41
Q

what is happening if a child has mulitple infections AND cervical lymphadenopathy

A

HIV!

42
Q

ECG signs of supraventricular tachy

A

narrowed QRS complex

43
Q

why does meconium cause pulmonary issues in newborns

A

it causes persistent pulm hypertension aka the pulmonary vessels dont dilate and then not enough blood is giong to them to get oxygen

44
Q

treatment of x linked agamma

A

monthly IVIG infusions

45
Q

xray of transient tachypnea of the newborn

A

fluid levels in fissures, prominent pulmonary vascular markings and a flat diaphragm

46
Q

signs of foreign body aspiration

A

acute onset of difficulty breathing, asymmetric lung inflation, no change with albuterol

47
Q

first step in managing a child with poor weight gain

A

diet diary with calorie counts and then fecal examination

48
Q

complications of obstructive sleep apnea

A

pulmonary HTN in a child

49
Q

managment of obstructive sleep apnea

A

get a polysomnogram, then do a tonsil/adenoidemtomy

50
Q

signs of pulmonary hypertension in a child

A

RVH due to having to compress so hard against a tense system

51
Q

if a mothers HBV status is unknown what is the management

A

you give the vax but wait to give IVIG until serology comes back

52
Q

management of septic shock

A

1) blood cultures 2) empiric antibiotics 3)normal saline 4) if BP does not improve, epinephrine

53
Q

if all the guts are on one side in a barium xray, waht does that indicate

A

malrotaion

54
Q

what is starvation ketosis

A

this is where the child is severely dehyrated likely secondary to GI illness and they develop a ketosis due to lack of caloric intake

55
Q

initial eval of children with language development issue

A

audiometry

56
Q

causes of non anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

diarrhea, RTA type 1

57
Q

what does torsion of the appendicular testis present as

A

blue dot/contusion in the scrotal sack, unilateral scrotal pain, close to regular testicular torsion

58
Q

if a patient has anti thyroglobulin antibodies what is the dx

A

hashimotos!

59
Q

can hashimotos have normal TSH and T4 levels

A

definitely, even in the early stage

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