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Step 2 Big Time Study Deck > Deck 2 COPY COPY COPY > Flashcards

Deck 2 COPY COPY COPY Flashcards

1
Q

signs of acute aortic dissection

A

back pain, hypertension, variation in bp of arms

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2
Q

how to dx aortic dissection

A

CT angio or TEE

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3
Q

complications post nissen

A

dysphagia, gas-bloat syndrome, gastropareisis

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4
Q

management of traumatic avulsion of a tooth

A

rinse socket with saline and reimplant and splint tooth

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5
Q

opioid induced constipation treatment

A

osmotic and stimulant laxatives

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6
Q

when can you refer for bariatric surgery

A

BMI >40, BMI >35 with comorbid conditions, >30 with T2DM resistant to treatment

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7
Q

signs of femoral artery aneurysm

A

pulsatile mass worse when walking, below inguinal canal in the groin,

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8
Q

breast cancer in males signs

A

nipple inversion, unilateral, firm, nontender

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9
Q

ascitic fluid amylase and protein levels and SAAG

A

low total protein, normal amylase, high SAAG

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10
Q

best way to dx peripheral arterial disease

A

ankle-brachial index

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11
Q

imaging findings of a splenic abscess

A

fluid collection and mass

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12
Q

light criteria exudative effusion (pleural)

A

protein pleural/serum >0.5 // LDH pleural/serum >0.6

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13
Q

treatment of hiradentitis suppurativa

A

prolonged antibiotic therapy

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14
Q

treatment of acute close angle glaucoma (drugs)

A

topical: timolol, pilocarpine, apraclonidine // systemic: acetazolamide

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15
Q

management of acute pancreatitis due to gallstones (no cholangitis)

A

lap chole post resolution (elective)

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16
Q

management of acute pancreatitis due to gallstones (with cholangitis)

A

urgent ERCP to remove stones

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17
Q

appearance of a renal cyst on CT

A

light no septations, simple wall, homogenous, absence of contrast on CT, asymptomatic

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18
Q

best way to measure pulmonary morbidity post lung resection

A

FEV1

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19
Q

presentation of SBO

A

typmpany on exam, distended abdomen, bilious emesis, hyperactive bowel sounds

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20
Q

which benzo cannot be used if the pt has poor liver function

A

chlordiazepoxide, diazepam

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21
Q

what is the criteria for foot imaging in ulcers

A

> 2cm, longstanding >1week, deep (exposed bone)

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22
Q

what runs behind the knee that can be affected during posterior knee dislocation

A

popliteal artery do ankle brachial index

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23
Q

management of pericardial effusion (malignant)

A

pericardiocentesis and pericardial window

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24
Q

what does the galactomannan assay test for

A

aspergillus

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25
Q

sunburst appearance on xray dx

A

osteosarc

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26
Q

where do GIST tumors come from (cells)

A

cells of cajal)

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27
Q

signs of ischemic bowel post AAA surgery

A

bloody diarrhea, fever, leukocytosis

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28
Q

rocking or clicking with movement after thoracic surgery

A

sternal dehiscence

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29
Q

treatment for sternal dehiscence

A

surgical exploration and fixation

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30
Q

why do you add bicarb to lidocaine

A

decrease pain with injection

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31
Q

blunt abdominal trauma with free air retroperitoneam organ damage

A

duodenum or ascending/descending colon

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32
Q

blunt abdominal truama with free fluid inretroperitoneam organ damage

A

pancreas or kidney

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33
Q

copper deficiency signs

A

brittle hair, neurologic dysfunction, skin depigmentation, osteoporosis

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34
Q

signs of gallstone ileus

A

dilated loops of bowel, hyperactive bowel sounds, air in the biliary tree

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35
Q

otalgia with a normal ear exam

A

likely is referred pain from a oropharygeal tumor

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36
Q

best test for dx gastric cancer

A

EGD

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37
Q

xray findings stress fracture

A

hairline lucency or periosteal thickening

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38
Q

management of stress fracture

A

rest and analgesia

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39
Q

what do you do after placing a central venous catheter

A

CXR to check for placement

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40
Q

eggshell calcifications cyst structure of liver

A

hyatid cyst from echinococcous infection from dogs

41
Q

when not to do enteral feedings

A

NPO, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction

42
Q

lateral vertical motion (abduction) difficulty injury

A

rotator cuff (SITS)

43
Q

coffee bean sign on xray

A

cecal or sigmoid volvulus

44
Q

signs of septal hematoma

A

soft fluctuant swelling

45
Q

management of septal hematoma

A

incision and drainage

46
Q

immediate management of an external hemorrhoid

A

hemorrhoidectomy

47
Q

most common complications of lap appy

A

infection - intraabdominal abcess

48
Q

why do you need to correct a varicocele

A

because it decreases fertility

49
Q

thyroid hormone effect on SVR

A

decreases it because it has a dilatatory effect

50
Q

steps for variceal bleeding

A

place 2 large bore IVs –> IV octreotide, fluids and ABX –>

51
Q

age of women that get femoral hernia

A

older women

52
Q

where are femoral hernias palpated

A

medial to the femoral artery and are nonpulsatile and tympanic

53
Q

management of a zenker diverticulum

A

cricopharyngeal myotomy

54
Q

where are thymomas in the mediastinum

A

they are in the anterior portion

55
Q

where are bronchogenic cysts in the mediastinum

A

they are in the middle

56
Q

changes in the kidney during metabolic alkalosis

A

increased H reabsorbtion, decreased Na excretion, decreased Cl excretion

57
Q

avascular necrosis of the femur head Xray

A

no changes seen

58
Q

penile pain, curvature and plaques

A

peyronie disease

59
Q

empyema on xray

A

opaque, NOOOO air fluid level

60
Q

signs of orbital compartment syndrome

A

periorbital swelling, hard eyelid, proptosis, limited EOM, diplopia, vision loss

61
Q

management of orbital compartment syndrome

A

emergent orbital decompression

62
Q

management of oral leukoplakia

A

biopsy and then smoking cessation +/- removal of lesion

63
Q

what can happen long term with epiphysis fractures

A

limb length discrepancy

64
Q

biggest risk factor for AAA

A

smoking > HTN/atherosclerosis or CAD

65
Q

irregular exophytic growths on the vocal cords dx

A

papillomas from HPV

66
Q

etiology of severe bradycardia and AV block after inserting laproatomy ports

A

peritoneal stretch receptors trigger vagal response

67
Q

type of dressing to switch to after a wet-dry dressing

A

nonadherent moisture retaining dressing

68
Q

what helps decrease patients risk of developing infection after burns

A

early debridement and grafting

69
Q

causes of secondary varicocele

A

extrinsic compression panpiniform plexus supply by mass, venous thrombus

70
Q

location of secondary varicocele

A

right sided

71
Q

signs of GVHD

A

maculopapular rash, profuse watery diarrhea, liver inflammation

72
Q

what is the hypermetobolic response to burns

A

increase in inflammatory markers causes increase in glucagon, epiniephrine (fever tachhy), increased basal metabolic rate

73
Q

signs of gastric cancer

A

iron deficiency anemia, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting

74
Q

what is acute colonic pseudo-obstruction

A

this is where you have electrolyte abnormalities or severe infection and your colon sort of shuts off and distends

75
Q

causes of delayed emergence from anesthesia

A

preop drugs or long procedures, metabolic disorders, neurologic disorder

76
Q

severe eccymosis and bleeding after gastric bypass etiology

A

vit c deficiency

77
Q

do patients with mechanical valves need ABX prior to endocsopy

A

nope

78
Q

signs of pyoderma gangrenosom

A

small papule or pustule –> rapidly progressive painful ulcer

79
Q

who gets pyoderma gangrenosum

A

people with IBD, RA, malignancies

80
Q

joint pop with Xray findings for low lying patella

A

quad tendon rupture

81
Q

risk factors for dupuytren contracture

A

males >50yo, tobacco use, DM

82
Q

what lab tests help evaluate CKD fractures

A

PTH

83
Q

what is the dx for a patient with multiple renal infarcts

A

polyarteritis nodosa

84
Q

risk factors for avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

femoral head fracture, excessive alcohol use, glucocorticoid use, sickle cell, SLE

85
Q

multiple bloody paracentesis dx

A

malignancy

86
Q

new pulmonary infiltrates and increased secretions for a vent patient dx

A

ventilator acquired pneumonia

87
Q

where does the patella dislocate to

A

dislocates lateral

88
Q

characteristics of benign oral lesions

A

symmetrical (on both sides), normal overlying oral mucosa, lack of destruction of normal tissues

89
Q

management of mandibular tori

A

reassurance

90
Q

surveilance of medullary thyroid cancer labs

A

calcitonin

91
Q

clinical signs of bladder cancer

A

hematuria, hydronephrosis, voiding sx

92
Q

lab findings in refeeding syndrome

A

hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia

93
Q

clinical signs of refeeding syndrome

A

muscle weakness, arrythmias, change in mental status, CHF

94
Q

ABX for burn infection

A

piperacillin/carbapenam WITH vanc

95
Q

do you do a colonoscopy on a pt with diverticulitis or active infection in colon

A

no bc it increases chances of perf

96
Q

suprapubic tenderness/lower abdominal tenderness and delierium post surgery

A

acute urinary retention

97
Q

cause of a hydrocele

A

persistent patent processus vaginalis

98
Q

etiology of testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord

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