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Probiotics > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

LAB Classification

A

Firmicutes –> Bacilli –> Lactobacillales

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2
Q

General LAB Description

A

Acid tolerant, non-spore formers, Non-respiring, Cocci or rods

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3
Q

LAB Growth is

A

Fastidious

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4
Q

Metabolism of LAB

A

Strict fermentation with lactic acid as the major end product

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5
Q

Phenotypic classification

A

Type of fermentation; does not match rRNA phylogeny

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6
Q

LAB Strains

A

Enterococcous, Lactococcus, Lactobacacillus, Streptococcus, Vagococcus

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7
Q

Group D

A

Enterococci

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8
Q

Group N

A

Lactococcus and Vagococcus

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9
Q

Streptococcus Groups

A

Oral and Pyogenic

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10
Q

Most widely used in cheese fermentation

A

Lactococcus lactis

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11
Q

Probiotics and silage starter

A

E. faecium and faecalis

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12
Q

Wide span of mol G+C

A

Lactobacillus (32-53%)

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13
Q

Group 1 obligatory homofermentative

A

Only produce lactic acid (no CO2)

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14
Q

Group II facultatively Heterofermentative

A

Only lactic acid under certain conditions but can ferment pentose

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15
Q

Present in Homo

A

FDP Aldolase

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16
Q

Present in FH

A

Pentose fermentation, CO2 from gluconate, FDP aldolase, PK

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17
Q

Present in OH

A

Pentose ferm, CO2 from glucose and gluconase, PK

18
Q

Absent from OH

A

FDP aldolase

19
Q

FDP Aldolase conversion

A

Fructose 1,6, P –> Dihydroxyacetone-p + G3P

20
Q

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

A

G3P –> Pyruvate then –> Lactate

21
Q

Homofermentation enzymes

A

FDP aldolase +LDH

22
Q

Products of Homofermentation

A

2 ATP + 2 Lactate

23
Q

Mixed acid fermentation

A

Alternative pyruvate end products

24
Q

Mixed acid fermentation invovles

A

FDP aldolase + LDH or PFL

25
Q

Pyruvate formate lyase (PFL)

A

Pyruvate –> acetyl CoA

26
Q

Acetyl CoA becomes

A

Acetyl-P and Acetylaldehyde

27
Q

Acetyl-P and Acetyl-aldehyde become

A

Acetate and Ethanol

28
Q

Products of mixed acid fermentation

A

3 ATP + 2 Formate + 1 Ethanol + 1 Acetate

29
Q

Key enzymes of FH

A

FDP Aldolase + PFL

30
Q

All enzymes FH

A

FDP aldolase + PFL + LDH

31
Q

CO2 Step

A

Glucose –> Ribulose 5 P

32
Q

Phosphoketolase

A

Xylulose-5-P –> G3P + Acetyl-P

33
Q

Acetyl-P in PPP

A

Acetate and Acetylaldehyde

34
Q

PPP Acetylaldehyde

A

Ethonol

35
Q

Heterolactic Fermetnation of glucose is

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

36
Q

End Products of PPP

A

2 ATP + 2 CO2 + 1 Lactate + 1 Acetate

37
Q

Key enzymes of PPP

A

PK + LDH + (NADH Oxidase)

38
Q

LAB Proteolytic System

A

Cell wall/membrane Proteinase (at least) + aa, di, tri-peptide, oligopeptide transport system with peptidases

39
Q

Proteinase

A

Breaks down proteins in CW so smaller fragements can go through the membrane

40
Q

Peptidases

A

Oligopeptides to Di, tri, aa

Probiotics (16 decks)

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