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Probiotics > Module 10- Immunomodulation of Probiotics > Flashcards

Module 10- Immunomodulation of Probiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolic Interactions that benefit gut epithelium

A

SCFAs, Conjugation linoleic acid, Vitamin B complex

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2
Q

Ways Probiotics Preserve Epithelial barrier function

A

Cell surface factors, Secreted proteins, Soluble peptides, Unmethylated CpG DNA, Probiotic factors and signalling pathways

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3
Q

Bifidobacterium Effectors that Trigger Immunomodulation

A

Unmethylated DNA, serpin, serine-threonine-rich proteins, Pili proteins

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4
Q

Effectors in both Bifido and Lactobacillus

A

EPS, Bacteriocins, SCFA, PG, CM

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5
Q

Effectors in Lactobacillus

A

Fimbriae, serine/threonine rich proteins, Lactoepin, SpaCBA, teichoic and lipoteichic acid

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6
Q

Cell Surface Factors Examples

A

Mucin expression, LTA from L. johnsonii inhibit LPS induced IL8 by HT29 epithelial cells

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7
Q

LTA form L. Johnsonnii

A

Inhibit LPS induced IL8 from H29 epithelial cells

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8
Q

Requires direct contact between Lactobacilli and epithelial cells

A

Cell Surface Factors

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9
Q

Cell Surface Factors

A

Not identified yet

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10
Q

Cell Surface Factors Broad Examples

A

Fimbriae, CPS, Glycoproteins

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11
Q

Probiotic traits from exported surface/secreted proteins

A

Adhesion to intestine, immunomodulation, Cross-talking with host

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12
Q

Strain dependent

A

Mechanisms of secreted or exported proteins

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13
Q

Types of Exported Proteins

A

Exported proteins and Moonlightling proteins

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14
Q

Sequence of exported proteins

A

Export signals + surface-retention domains

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15
Q

Exported proteins found…

A

In CM/CW or surface or secreted

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16
Q

Moonlighting proteins

A

Cytoplasmic proteins that lack export/secretion domains

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17
Q

Moonlighting proteins found

A

Associated with bacterial surface or released into environment

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18
Q

Moonlightling proteins function

A

Mostly using in intracellular processes but found on membrane surface to carry out other functions is possible

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19
Q

Exported proteins classified by

A

Domains in AA sequence

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20
Q

Classified by Domains

A

Exported Proteins

21
Q

Surface Associated Proteins

A

Covalently and non-covalently Bound

22
Q

Covalently bound

A

C-terminal LPXTG motif + Lipoproteins

23
Q

LPXTG motif

A

C- terminal domain covalently bound to PG

24
Q

Lipoproteins

A

N-terminal lipobox allows binding of membrane lipids to anchor in membrane

25
Q

Lipobox

A

Part of lipoproteins that bind membrane lipids

26
Q

Noncovalent exported proteins (5)

A

C or N terminal transmembrane domains (TMS) + LysM-type repeats + Glycine-trypotphan (GW) motifs + Choline-binding proteins + C-terminal WXL motif (trytophan-X-Leucine), S-layer

27
Q

Transmembrane domains (TMS)

A

Found on N or C terminus as noncovalent surface associated protein that is anchored in the membrane

28
Q

LysM-type repeats

A

Noncovalent surface associated proteins associated with cell wall

29
Q

LysM-type repeat examples

A

AcmA autolysin from L. lactis

30
Q

All the way down to phospholipid Layer

A

TMS

31
Q

Proteins with GW motifs

A

Surface-associated proteins

32
Q

Choline-binding proteins

A

Surface-associated proteins

33
Q

Choline-binding proteins examples

A

Muramidase of S. pneumoniae

34
Q

WXL modtif (tryptophan-X-Leucine)

A

Surface-associated proteins

35
Q

WXL motif example

A

L. plantarum proteins

36
Q

Auto assemble

A

S-layer Proteins

37
Q

S-layer proteins purpose

A

Form protective layer on surface of bacterium

38
Q

Terminus of S-layer

A

N-terminus

39
Q

S-layer (SL) domains

A

One or several on S-layer proteins at N-terminal

40
Q

SL domains bind

A

LTA and neutral polysaccharides

41
Q

S-layer adhesins

A

Pathogen exclusion + bind host extracellular matrix proteins (ECM)

42
Q

S-layer Adhesion example

A

Slp from L. brevis

43
Q

Moonlighting proteins role

A

Adhesion to host cells + pathogen aggregation

44
Q

Moonlightling proteins example

A

Adhesion by interacting with plasminogen system –> Plasminogen binding and activatin

45
Q

Plasminogen binds

A

Moonlightling proteins

46
Q

Secreted Proteins Mechanisms of Transport

A

SecA system and TAT system and unknown

47
Q

SecA dependent System

A

General secretory pathway that is energy dependent and found in all kinds of bacteria

48
Q

SecA system Components

A

N-terminal signal sequence + TM domain + protein that mediates transport at expense of ATP (TM protein)

49
Q

TAT Pathway

A

Two consecutive arginine in signal peptide

Probiotics (16 decks)

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