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Science > Chapter 10- Earth's Surface > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Earth's Surface Flashcards

0
Q

The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces is _______.

A

Weathering

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1
Q

What are solid particles that are moved from one place to another?

A

Sediments

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2
Q

What kind of weathering takes place when forces such as water and ice break down rock?

A

Mechanical weathering

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3
Q

What kind of weathering happens when the actual minerals that make up the rock change?

A

Chemical weathering

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4
Q

What is the process by which soil and sediments are transferred from one location to another?

A

Erosion

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5
Q

What is the process of adding sediments to a new place after being carried from another?

A

Deposition

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6
Q

About how much salt do rivers carry each year?

A

About 4 billion tons

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7
Q

How does water shape earths landscapes?

A

By breaking down rocks which makes sediments and they move from place to place.

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8
Q

What is the source of much salt in ocean water?

A

Rivers.

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9
Q

Why do sediments settle out of water as it slows down?

A

As the water slows down it was less energy. It can’t carry as much sediment.

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10
Q

What are 4 wave characteristics?

A

Crest, trough, amplitude, as wavelength

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11
Q

True or false?

Water that freezes in cracks of rocks can split them.

A

True

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12
Q

True or false?

Plant roots help break down rocks and hold soil in place.

A

True

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13
Q

Farmers have learned to plant cover crops to prevent soil ______.

A

Erosion

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14
Q

Canyons are formed by ______ _____.

A

Moving water

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15
Q

True or false?

A floodplain is likely to have poor soil.

A

False

16
Q

What is the agent of erosion that forms sand dunes?

A

Wind.

17
Q

How do drought conditions cause the soil to be easily eroded by wind?

A

If there is no water in the soil it will be easy to blow away.

18
Q

What is a floodplain?

A

Part of the landscape that is likely to receive the overflow water and sediment from a flooded river.

19
Q

As water slows down, does it have more or less energy?

A

Less energy.

20
Q

What kind of sediments do waves carry?

A

Stones and sand

21
Q

How are sandbars created?

A

By the movement of water, it can move materials from the shoreline to an area in the water away from the shore.

22
Q

Where does black sand come from?

A

Hawaii.

23
Q

Water flows in a river because of _______.

A

Gravity

24
Q

How do erosion and deposition affect beaches?

A

Erosion blows the sand dunes down

25
Q

Describe 2 examples of mechanical weathering.

A
  1. Water goes into cracks of rocks and freezes. Then it expands the rock.
  2. Soil grows in cracks of rocks. Plants grow. The roots push the cracks open.
26
Q

Describe how water running downhill is the main process that shapes Earth’s landscapes.

A

Over years, water digs deeper into earth’s surface to form deep canyons.

Science (4 decks)

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