Paper 3

Question 1

what is an ecosystem

Answer 1

a grouping of plants and animals that interact with each other and their local community

Question 2

what is a biome

Answer 2

a global scale ecosystem eg tropical rainforest

Question 3

taiga biome

Answer 3

higher latitudes
sun rays are weak
trees adapted to cold with needle like leaves
canada, russia
dry and short summer

Question 4

temperate biome

Answer 4

high rainfall
seasonal variation in sun rays
trees loose leaves in the cool winters
europe

Question 5

tundra biome

Answer 5

artic circle
hurtle heat from sun and rainfall
only tough, short grasses survive

Question 6

desert biome

Answer 6

close to tropics
suns rays concentrates so very hot

Question 7

tropical biome

Answer 7

mostly at equator
wet
rays concentrated to hot

Question 8

why does the tropical rainforest have high productivity

Answer 8

ideal conditions for plant growth as high temp and rainfall all day
high humidity

Question 9

rainforest stratified layers

Answer 9

emergent( access light by growing taller then dense forest canopy)
canopy
understory’s
shrubs(large leaves to catch sunlight)
forest floor

Question 10

rainforest plant adaptions

Answer 10

Buttress roots-
large root system to stabilise tree
shallow as nutrients concentrated in top layer of soil
Drip tips (on plants)-
leaves have waxy layer and pointed tip water runs of so mould does not grow and block sunlight

Question 11

rainforest animal adaptions

Answer 11

birds-
large beaks to help grasp fruit and insects
primates-
have long tails for balance and strong claws for grip- can live in canopy where food is plentiful

Question 12

2 main factors why oil prices are affected

Answer 12

supply:the amount of oil produced
demand: the amount of oil that is consumed

Question 13

unconventional method of extraction of oil

Answer 13

oil and gas can also be found trapped between layers of rock, mixed with sand.

Question 14

conventional method of extracting oil

Answer 14

oil and gas is usually extracted by drilling into pools below the surface of the land or sea and pumping the oil and gas to the surface

Question 15

what is fracking

Answer 15

the process of drilling down into shale rocks, deposits it and injects water, sand and chemicals at high pressure

Question 16

why does tar sand extraction lead to loss of habitats

Answer 16

vegetation is cleared out so the animals have no where to live

Question 17

what makes refining tar sands worse than refining crude oil

Answer 17

1 barrel of oil produces 15% more co2

Question 18

why is soil damaged by the loss of vegetation

Answer 18

-there is no canopy to protect the soil from rain
-the nutrients will be leached an the soil will be washed away

Question 19

ways in which mining leads to vegetation loss

Answer 19

-vegetation has to be cut down to make room for the mines
-to transport the material to the city they need to cut down the trees to make room for the roads

Question 20

what may lead to the loss of animals

Answer 20

-animals may need to climb up the emerging layer to get rid of predators so they will be under threat
-when the canpy layer is cut down habitats are lost meaning the animals have no where to live and get food so will become extinct

Question 21

why has oil consumption increased

Answer 21

-the population has increased
-developed places arent using as much oil as countries are deindustrialised
-however consumption in asia have tripled

Question 22

where has the largest oil reserve

Answer 22

Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserve with 264.5 billion barrels

Question 23

non renewable sources

Answer 23

sources of energy that cant be remade as it takes millions of years to form again eg coal

Question 24

renewable sources

Answer 24

does not run out

Question 25

recyclable sources

Answer 25

sources that can be reused or reprocessed so that they last in the future

Question 26

CITES

Answer 26

a species approach to conservation

Question 27

REDD

Answer 27

an ecosystem approach to conservation

Question 28

comercial agriculture

Answer 28

when crops are grown for agriculture

Question 29

subsistence agriculture

Answer 29

when people farm for their family

Question 30

mining

Answer 30

trees are cut down to access the minerals
roads are built to get the minerals to ports

Question 31

commercial hard wood logging

Answer 31

countries sell timber to make money and to pay interest on international debt
illegal in most countries

Question 32

fuelwood

Answer 32

people living near rainforests to use it as fuel so population increase, increases deforestation

Question 33

HEP

Answer 33

reservoir floods land destroying land

Question 34

palm oil

Answer 34

huge areas of the rainforest is burnt for palm oil plantations

Question 35

deforestation

Answer 35

the wide spread of removal of trees

Question 35

flora

Answer 35

the plants of a particular region or habitat

Question 36

abiotic factors

Answer 36

non living part of a biome, includes the atmosphere, water, rock and soil

Question 37

altitude

Answer 37

height of land

Question 38

biotic factors

Answer 38

living part of a biome, made up of plant and animal life

Question 39

fauna

Answer 39

the animals of a particular region, habitat

Question 40

drainage

Answer 40

the ability of soil to allow water to flow away

Question 41

thomas malthus

Answer 41

population grow so large and so quickly that food production cant keep up.
this will lead to food shortages and in turn war and famine
this will cause population decrease

Question 42

ester Boserup

Answer 42

as populations grow new technolgies will be invented to increase the supply of resources to cater for everyone

Question 43

exploitation

Answer 43

the biosphere can be exploited for commercial gain for energy eg HEP or mining, water can be extracted and other mineral resources can be mined