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Health Assessment RLE > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A
  • Temperature, Pulse, Respiration, and Blood Pressure
  • Indicates the state of health of individual
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2
Q

Define Temperature

A

Difference between heat produced and heat lost by the body

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3
Q

4 methods of checking temperature

A
  1. Oral Method
  2. Axillary Method
  3. Rectal Method
  4. Non-contact Method
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4
Q

Both of these methods have the following contradictions:
- Infants
- Unconscious and Irrational Patients
- Patients with Oral cavity and surgery in mouth
- Patients that recently taken cold or hot food or fluids

A

Oral Method and Axillary Method

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5
Q

This method has the following contradictions:
- With recent rectal surgery
- Patients with diarrhea
- Patiends having cardiovascular alternation
- Pateints with leukemia

A

Rectal Method

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6
Q

Define Pulse

A

Rythmical throbbing caused by wave of blood passing through and artery as heart contracts

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7
Q

What are the possible sites to checking for a person’s pulse?

A
  1. Temporal artery
  2. Carotid artery
  3. Brachial Artery
  4. Radial Artery
  5. Apical Artery
  6. Femoral Artery
  7. Popliteal Artery
  8. Posterior Tibialis
  9. Dorsalis Pedis
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8
Q

What should we be mindful of when taking a person’s pulse? R.R.T.V

A

Rate, Rythm, Tension, and Volume

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9
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for new borns?

A

80 to 180 bpm

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10
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for 1 year olds?

A

80 - 140 bpm

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11
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for 5 - 8 yrs old

A

75 - 120 bpm

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12
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for 10 yr olds

A

50 - 90 bpm

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13
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for Teens

A

50 - 90

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14
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for Adults

A

60 - 100 bpm

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15
Q

Average Normal Pulse rate range for elderly

A

60 - 100 bpm

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16
Q

Purpose for checking a person’s pulse

A

estimate quality of the heart’s action per minute

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17
Q

Where do we assess a new borne or infants pulse

A

Brachial, apical, or femoral aretery

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18
Q

Define Respiration

A

exchange of oxygene and CO2 between the atmoshpere and body cells initiated by breathing

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19
Q

Purpose for checking a person’s cpr

A

obtain patient’s respiratory status

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20
Q

Blood Pressure

A

lateral force exerted by the blood on arterial walls

21
Q

Purpose for checking a persons blood pressure

A
  • aids in diagnosis
  • enables observation for any changes in patients condition
22
Q

Contradictions for checking BP in brachial artery

A
  • Pateints with surgery on arm, breast, axilla, shoulder, or hands
  • Venous access device like AV shunt and IVF
  • Injury or Disease to shoulder, arm or hands
23
Q

Sites for taking BP

A
  1. antecubital space on arm
  2. Leg or popliteal space
  3. dorsal pedis
24
Q

Classifications of Blood Pressure
Normal =
Prehypertension =
Hypertension Stage 1 =
Hypertension Stage 2 =

A

Normal = 120/80 mmhg
Prehypertension = 120-139/80-89 mmhg
Hypertension Stage 1 = 140 -159/ 90-99
Hypertension Stage 2 = 180/100

25
Q

Normal Temperature

A

36 to 36.5 C

26
Q

Heat loss can happen through

A
  • radiation
  • conduction
  • convection
  • vaporization
27
Q

Normal O2SAT

A

95% to 100%

28
Q

How to assess pain

A

WHATSUP ACRONYM:
W - where is the pain?
H - how does the pain feel?
A - aggravating & alleviating factors
T - timing
S - severity
U - useful other data
P - perception

29
Q

Term For High Fever

A

Hyperlexia

30
Q

Medical term for patient that has fever?

A

Fibril

31
Q
  • The 5th vital sign
  • easiest to asses
  • must not be invalidated
  • highly subjective
  • most common reason to seek medical advice
  • protective mechanism or warning to prevent injury
A

Pain

32
Q

Pain Transmissions
- pain receptors
- free nerve endings on skin
- respond to intense potentially damaging stimuli
- found in joints, skeletal muscle, fascia, and tendons
- not found in large organs

A

Nociceptors

33
Q

These chemical increase the transmission of pain

A

HISTAMINE - stimulates allergic reactions

ACETYLCHOLINE - fight/flight response

SEROTONIN - happy hormone

BRADYKININ - inflammation

34
Q
  • A group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection
  • releases chemical substances that increases sensitivity to pain
  • increases pain provoking effect of bradykinin
A

Prostaglandinds

35
Q

2 main fibers that help with pain transmission

A
  1. Myelinated fibers - fast pain
  2. type C fibers - second wave of pain
36
Q

Chemicals or hormones that reduce or inhibit pain

A

endorphins and enkephalins

37
Q

Process of pain flow

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Perception
  4. Medulation
38
Q

Process of pain flow
- injury releases chemicals that send pain message to sensory neuron

A

Transduction

39
Q

Process of pain flow
- nociceptors to spinal cord then to the brain

A

Transmission

40
Q

Process of pain flow
- pain received by the brain

A

Perception

41
Q

Process of pain flow
- reduces or increase the pain by the brain stem neuron

A

Medulation

42
Q

Types of Pain according to duration and Etiology

A
  • Acute
  • chronic
43
Q

Types of pain according to location and perception

A
  • visceral or internal pain
  • somatic or pain in muscles, skin, and joints
  • Cutaneous or superficial pain
  • Radiating or pain travels from one part to another
  • Referred or pain is experienced simultaneously on different parts of the body
  • Phantom or pain felt only because of psychological factors
44
Q

Pain assessment tools
- for people with chronic pain
- help identify patterns and factors
- records time or onset, activity before pain, pain related positions or behaviors, pain intensity, use of relief methods, duration of pain, time spent in relief activities

A

Daily Pain Diary

45
Q

Pain assessment tools
- visual representation of pain scale

A

Visual Analog Scale

46
Q

Pain assessment tools
- 0 to 10 rating
- best for adults with not cognitive problems
- common tool

A

Numerical Rating Scale

47
Q

Pain assessment tools
- best for cognitively impaired
- nurse observes face of the client

A

Wong Bakers scale

48
Q

Pain assessment tools
- document for detailed recording of pain

A

Mccaffrey Initial Pain Assessment Tool

49
Q

Pain assessment tools
- FLACC Behavioral Scale

A

For kids

Health Assessment RLE (6 decks)

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