Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 2 > Antibiotics Practice Questions > Flashcards

Antibiotics Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A 56-year-old woman presents with fever, cough, and shortness of breath upon admission. Her chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates consistent with pneumonia. Respiratory cultures are pending, and she is initiated on a combination of ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Which of the following best describes the use of ceftriaxone and azithromycin in this case?

A. Concentration-dependent killing therapy

B. Definitive therapy

C. Empiric therapy

D. Prophylactic therapy

A

C. empiric therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When evaluating drug therapy for meningitis, which of the following factors is expected to have the LEAST influence on the penetration and concentration of an antibacterial agent in the cerebrospinal fluid?

A. Lipid solubility of the drug

B. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug

C. Protein binding of the drug

D. Molecular weight of the drug

A

B. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following antimicrobials should be closely monitored in a patient with kidney dysfunction due to the risk of drug accumulation and toxicity?

A. Doxycycline

B. Amikacin

C. Rifampin

D. Tetracycline

A

B. Amikacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A 24-year-old patient who is in the third trimester of pregnancy presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and fever. She is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following antibiotics is most appropriate to treat the infection in this patient?

A. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

B. Doxycycline

C. Amoxicillin

D. Gentamicin

A

C. Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following antimicrobials exhibits a long postantibiotic effect that permits once-daily dosing?

A. Gentamicin

B. Penicillin G

C. Vancomycin

D. Aztreonam

A

A. Gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A patient is infected by a gram-negative organism that is resistant to carbapenems, likely due to altered porin channels. This is an example of what mechanism of drug resistance?

A. Altered targets

B. Decreased accumulation

C. Lipopolysaccharide modification

D. Enzymatic inactivation

A

B. Decreased accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A 39-year-old patient is scheduled to have a total knee replacement. Which of these antimicrobial agents is most appropriate for surgical prophylaxis to cover microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes?

A. Levofloxacin

B. Isoniazid

C. Vancomycin

D. Cefepime

A

C. Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following adverse drug reactions precludes a patient from being rechallenged with that drug in the future?

A. Itching/rash from penicillin

B. Stevens–Johnson syndrome from sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

C. Gastrointestinal (GI) upset from clarithromycin

D. Clostridioides difficile superinfection from moxifloxacin

A

B. Stevens–Johnson syndrome from sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During a medication history, a patient mentions that he had a reaction from a drug years ago when he was being treated for a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. He remembers that the reaction occurred because the medicine was infused too quickly. Which of the following medications most likely caused this reaction?

A. Ampicillin

B. Chloramphenicol

C. Erythromycin

D. Vancomycin

A

D. Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following classes of antimicrobials has a mechanism of action to inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A. Aminoglycosides

B. β-Lactams

C. Macrolides

D. Tetracyclines

A

B. β-Lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A 23-year-old man presents with acute appendicitis that ruptures shortly after admission. He is taken to the operating room for surgery, and postsurgical cultures reveal Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, susceptibilities pending. Which of the following provides adequate empiric coverage of these two pathogens?

A. Cefepime

B. Piperacillin/tazobactam

C. Aztreonam

D. Ceftaroline

A

B. Piperacillin/tazobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A 68-year-old man presents from a nursing home with fever, increased urinary frequency and urgency, and mental status changes. He has a penicillin allergy of anaphylaxis. Which of the following β-lactams is the most appropriate choice for gram-negative coverage of this patient’s urinary tract infection?

A. Cefepime

B. Ertapenem

C. Aztreonam

D. Ceftaroline

A

C. Aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A 25-year-old man presents to the urgent care center with a painless sore on his genitals that started 2 weeks ago. He reports unprotected sex with a new partner about a month ago. A blood test confirms the patient has Treponema pallidum. Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of this patient’s infection as a single dose?

A. Benzathine penicillin G

B. Ceftriaxone

C. Aztreonam

D. Vancomycin

A

A. Benzathine penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram-negative anaerobic pathogens like Bacteroides fragilis?

A. Cefoxitin

B. Cefepime

C. Ceftriaxone

D. Cefazolin

A

A. Cefoxitin (2nd Gen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In which of the following cases would it be appropriate to use telavancin?

A. A 29-year-old pregnant woman with ventilator-associated pneumonia

B. A 76-year-old man with hospital-acquired pneumonia also receiving amiodarone for atrial fibrillation

C. A 36-year-old man with cellulitis and abscess growing MRSA

D. A 72-year-old woman with a diabetic foot infection growing MRSA who has moderate renal dysfunction

A

C. A 36-year-old man with cellulitis and abscess growing MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following best describes the reason imipenem is co-formulated with cilastatin?

A. To protect imipenem from β-lactamases

B. To reduce hypersensitivity reactions associated with imipenem

C. To protect imipenem from renal dehydropeptidase

D. To reduce the metabolism of imipenem

A

C. To protect imipenem from renal dehydropeptidase

17
Q

A patient in the medical intensive care unit is receiving cefepime for the treatment of a urinary tract infection. The cefepime dose was adjusted due to declining renal function. On day 4 of hospitalization, the urine culture is positive for Proteus mirabilis. Which of the following is most appropriate based on the susceptibility profile below and the patient’s clinical status?

A. Continue cefepime

B. Switch to colistin

C. Switch to piperacillin/tazobactam

D. Switch to ceftriaxone

A

C. Switch to piperacillin/tazobactam

18
Q

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of tetracycline antibiotics?

A. Bind the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing binding of tRNA to the mRNA–ribosome complex.

B. Bind the 30S ribosomal subunit, interfering with assembly of the functional ribosomal apparatus.

C. Bind irreversibly to a site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting translocation steps of protein synthesis.

D. Bind the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit, inhibiting the formation of the 70S initiation complex.

A

A. Bind the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing binding of tRNA to the mRNA–ribosome complex.

19
Q

Which of the following antibiotic agents should not be given to children less than 8 years of age due to its deposition in bone and teeth?

A. Azithromycin

B. Doxycycline

C. Linezolid

D. Quinupristin/dalfopristin

A

B. Doxycycline

20
Q

Aminoglycosides are commonly used for their concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against which of the following group of organisms?

A. Gram-positive aerobes

B. Gram-negative aerobes

C. Gram-positive anaerobes

D. Gram-negative anaerobes

A

B. Gram-negative aerobes

21
Q

A 77-year-old woman was started on antibiotics for pneumonia treatment. After 3 days of antibiotic therapy, the serum creatinine doubled. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely responsible for this increase in serum creatinine?

A. Doxycycline

B. Clarithromycin

C. Tobramycin

D. Linezolid

A

C. Tobramycin

aminoglycoside = nephrotoxicity

22
Q

A 24-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and will be managed in the outpatient setting. Which of the following antibiotics is a safe option for this patient to treat her pneumonia?

A. Azithromycin

B. Doxycycline

C. Fidaxomicin

D. Gentamicin

A

A. Azithromycin

22
Q

A patient is diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile–associated diarrhea. Which of the following antibiotics is the best choice for this infection?

A. Azithromycin

B. Clindamycin

C. Fidaxomicin

D. Tobramycin

A

C. Fidaxomicin

23
Q

Linezolid would be a good choice for antibiotic treatment in which of the following patient scenarios?

A. Bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus

B. Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli

C. Pneumonia caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Diabetic foot infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

C. Pneumonia caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

24
Q

A patient has an infection with culture results showing growth of MRSA, VRE, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli. Which of the following antibiotics would be effective against all three bacteria?

A. Clarithromycin

B. Linezolid

C. Quinupristin/dalfopristin

D. Tigecycline

A

D. Tigecycline

25
Q

A patient has pneumonia that is requiring treatment. They are receiving a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for treatment of depression. Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in this patient?

A. Doxycycline

B. Gentamicin

C. Linezolid

D. Azithromycin

A

C. Linezolid

26
Q

A 32-year-old man presents to an outpatient clinic with a 5-day history of productive cough, purulent sputum, and shortness of breath. He is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It is noted that this patient has a severe ampicillin allergy (anaphylaxis). Which of the following is an acceptable treatment for this patient?

A. Levofloxacin

B. Ciprofloxacin

C. Penicillin VK

D. Nitrofurantoin

A

A. Levofloxacin

27
Q

Which of the following drugs is correctly matched with the appropriate adverse effect?

A. Levofloxacin—pulmonary fibrosis

B. Nitrofurantoin—hepatic encephalopathy

C. TMP/SMX—hyperkalemia

D. Methenamine—nystagmus

A

C. TMP/SMX—hyperkalemia

28
Q

A 55-year-old man presents to primary care clinic with an erythematous and tender abscess on his left thigh. He has a history of MRSA skin infections. Which of the following is an appropriate antibiotic for empiric treatment?

A. Ciprofloxacin

B. TMP/SMX

C. Methenamine

D. Cephalexin

A

B. TMP/SMX

29
Q

A 21-year-old marathon runner reports to the clinic with acute Achilles tendon rupture. The nurse noted that the patient recently took an antibiotic for community-acquired pneumonia. Which of the following antibiotics may have contributed to tendon rupture?

A. Amoxicillin/clavulanate

B. Cefdinir

C. Levofloxacin

D. Minocycline

A

C. Levofloxacin

30
Q

A 56-year-old woman with acute cystitis presents to the clinic for assessment. She has a past medical history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and allergy to sulfa. Which of the following is the greatest concern for use of nitrofurantoin in this patient?

A. Age

B. Allergy to sulfa

C. Chronic kidney disease

D. Hypertension

A

C. Chronic kidney disease

31
Q

A 24-year-old woman with dysuria and urinary urgency is diagnosed with uncomplicated cystitis. The medical record reveals an anaphylactic allergy to cephalosporins and a history of medication noncompliance. Which of the following is the most appropriate for the treatment of her cystitis?

A. Moxifloxacin

B. Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals

C. Fosfomycin

D. Ceftriaxone

A

C. Fosfomycin

32
Q

A 47-year-old patient is being treated for a hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which of the following is the most appropriate to include in the treatment regimen?

A. Gemifloxacin

B. Levofloxacin

C. Moxifloxacin

D. TMP/SMX

A

B. Levofloxacin

33
Q

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?

A. Denatures proteins and nucleic acids, resulting in bacterial cell death

B. Inhibits the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid precursors

C. Prevents reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

D. Interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

A

D. Interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

34
Q

Which of the following is an adverse event associated with the use of sulfa antibiotics?

A. Crystalluria

B. QTc prolongation

C. Peripheral neuropathy

D. Visual disturbances

A

A. Crystalluria

35
Q

A 57-year-old patient reports to the clinic with signs and symptoms consistent with acute simple cystitis. The patient reports taking methenamine for chronic suppressive therapy to reduce the frequency of UTIs. Which of the following options is the best agent to manage her acute simple cystitis?

A. Nitrofurantoin

B. TMP/SMX

C. Levofloxacin

D. Delafloxacin

A

A. Nitrofurantoin

Pharmacology 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions