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NURS 1700U > Week 2: Psychosocial Need - Cognitive Impairment > Flashcards

Week 2: Psychosocial Need - Cognitive Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

The process of acquiring, storing, sharing, and using information

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2
Q

Cognitive Function

A

Includes language, thought, memory, executive function, judgement, attention, and perceptions

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3
Q

Cognitive Impairment

A

When a person is having troubles with their cognitive functions

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4
Q

What happens in neurological changes in the CNS?

A

Plaque deposits in the brain causing connections to slow down or stop

Lack of sleep can also cause confusion with patients with dementia

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5
Q

What happens in neurological changes in the PNS

A

Increases risk for injuries

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6
Q

Ethiology

A

Decrease in neurone and neurotransmitters

Compromised thermoregulation

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7
Q

Implications of nursing standard of practice protocol

A

In muscle strength, reflexes, motor skills, balance and coordination

Absent fever response, slowed speed of cognition processing

Increase risk of sleep disorders

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8
Q

What are the 3 D’s?

A
  1. Delirium
  2. Dementia
  3. Depression
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9
Q

Are the 3 d’s a normal part of aging

A

No, just is more common as 1 grows older

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10
Q

What is delirium?

A

Often referred to as acute
confusion

Delirium is a medical emergency
characterized by acute onset and a
fluctuating course that is
demonstrated by abrupt changes in
mental status and function

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11
Q

What can happen if delirium is left untreated?

A

Sepsis (infection or death)

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12
Q

How do you treat a patient with delirium?

A

Try to keep voice level/quiet, keep a reasonable distance when assisting with a patient with delirium

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13
Q

How should a nurse assess delirium?

A

Nurses assess delirium by asking about history such as illnesses, or behavioral/cognitive , ask about medical history.

Chest x-ray are good for breathing or lung illnesses, urine samples for UTI

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14
Q

Primary Progressive Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
Fronto-temporal Dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Vascular Dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob (mad cow)
Huntington’s Disease

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15
Q

Secondary Progressive Dementia?

A

Parkinson’s Dementia
Alcohol-associated
HIV Associated Dementia
Post-stroke Dementia
Post Anoxic Encephalopathy

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16
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to speak with relevance and fluency

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17
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to carry out purposeful movements
although motor and sensory abilities are intact

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18
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize common objects or faces

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19
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

progressive, degenerative disease that destroys brain cells

20
Q

What is expectancy after being diagnosed with Alzheimer disease?

A

8 to 9 years after symptom onset

21
Q

What is the umbrella term (dementia)

A

Umbrella term that covers different types of dementia, because different areas of the brain cause different types of dementia

22
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

planning, self-awareness, emotion, word formation, motor function

23
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Spatial coordinates of body and surroundings, sensory

24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

memory, naming, language, intelligence, hearing

25
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing, vision

26
Q

Person centred care

A

Looks beyond the disease and the tasks we must perform to the person within and our relationship with them

The focus is not on what we need to “do to the person” but rather on the person himself or herself and how to enhance well-being and quality of life.

27
Q

What is important to remember regarding medications in dementia patients?

A

Medications should not be the first or even second line of response.

The focus must be on understanding that behavioural
expressions communicate distress and the response is
investigating the possible sources of distress and intervening.

28
Q

Why does therapeutic activities help patients with dementia?

A

Enhance feelings of self-worth, promote a sense of
belonging and accomplishment, and encourage
expression of feelings and thoughts

29
Q

What are some interventions that can be done with a patient with dementia?

A

Employ communication strategies and techniques that
demonstrate compassion, validate emotions, support
dignity, and promote comprehension when caring for
people with dementia .

Identifying the person’s unmet needs and potential
“triggers

30
Q

Depression

A

Feeling sad, quiet, down

Depression is when the sadness doesn’t go away

31
Q

What is a suicide statistic between men and women?

A

women attempt more than men, but men usually go through with it more

32
Q

Sundailing Syndrome

A

Get more confused as it gets later in the evening - more confused than the day - very frustrated - communicate - be with them - but reorienting them can cause more agitation

33
Q

Hyperactive Delirium

A

agitation - hallucinations

34
Q

What causes delirium

A

can be caused by infection UTI
Organ failure
Substance withdrawal
Dehydration (#1 reason)

35
Q

Hypo Delirium

A

lethargic - dec motor activity

36
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

37
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low levels of oxygen supply to body tissues.

38
Q

Presbycusis

A

Progressive, bilateral, and symmetrical age-related hearing loss.

39
Q

Presbyopia

A

Reduced near vision that normally occurs with age, usually resulting in improved distance vision

40
Q

Xerostomia

A

Excessive mouth dryness.

41
Q

Fulmer SPICES
tool for the overall assessment of older adults

A

Sleep disorders
Problems with eating or feeding,
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin breakdown.

42
Q

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

A

thought to measure depression in older adults more accurately than any other tools do.

cannot be used for assessing persons who have dementia or cognitive impairment.

43
Q

Montreal Cognitive Assessment. (MoCA)

A

designed to detect mild cognitive impairment.
it assesses include orientation, short-term memory, executive function, language ability, and visuospatial ability

score of 26 or higher = normal.

44
Q

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

A

The screening tool alerts clinicians to the presence of possible delirium.

45
Q

Polypharmacy

A

The use of multiple medications by an individual, often more than what is clinically necessary or appropriate

46
Q

Reminiscence

A

The act of recalling or reflecting on past experiences, memories, or events, often used therapeutically to promote emotional well-being and stimulate cognitive function in older adults.

47
Q

Restorative care

A

A multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation and recovery that focuses on maximizing functional ability, independence, and quality of life for individuals who have experienced illness, injury, or disability.

NURS 1700U (11 decks)

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