B3 - Organisation and the Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of a tissue

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function that work together to perform a task

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2
Q

Definition of an organ

A

An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to perform a function

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3
Q

Definition of an organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs that make up an organism

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4
Q

Different tissues in stomach

A
  • Glandular - produces + secretes enzymes
  • Muscular - churns food
  • Epithelial - coats the stomach
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5
Q

Adaptations of small intestines (4)

A
  • Villi create a large surface area for more absorption
  • Constant blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
  • Long so more time to absorb molecules
  • Short diffusion distance
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6
Q

Function of large intestines

A

To absorb water from the food to form faeces

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7
Q

Function of liver

A

Produces bile which is then stored in the gall bladder

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8
Q

Different types of carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

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9
Q

What are carbohydrates broken down into

A

Simple sugars e.g. glucose and sucrose

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10
Q

What are lipids broken down into

A
  • Fatty acids (lower the pH)
  • Glycerol
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11
Q

What are proteins broken down into

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

Definition of an enzyme

A

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions without being used up. They also control metabolism

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13
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all the reactions in the body

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14
Q

Explain the lock and key theory

A
  • Substrate attaches to active site of enzyme as the active site has a complementary shape to the substrate
  • This forms an enzyme - substrate complex
  • The enzyme splits the substrate into products yet is unchanged itself
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15
Q

How many reactions will an enzyme catalyse

A

Only one. This is due to its active site shape being specific to the reaction/ substrate

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16
Q

Function of digestive enzymes

A

To break down large food into small soluble molecules that can go into the bloodstream

17
Q

Explain the effects of temperature on enzymes + rate of reaction up to optimum temperature

A

As temp increases, rate of reaction increases due to more enzyme substrate collision but only up to the optimum temperature

18
Q

What happens to enzymes if the temperature increases above their optimum

A
  • Chain of amino acids in enzyme unravel
  • Substrate can no longer fit and rate of reaction drops rapidly
  • Enzyme is denatured
19
Q

Effects of changing pH on enzymes

A
  • Changing pH changes active site shape of enzyme
  • Substrates no longer fit
20
Q

What type of enzyme breaks down carbs (with example)

A

Carbohydrases e.g. amylase

21
Q

Enzyme that breaks down proteins

A

Proteases

22
Q

Enzyme that breaks down fats/ lipids

A

Lipases

23
Q

Sites of production and action of amylase

A
  • Production - salivary glands , pancreas
  • Action - mouth, s. intestines
24
Q

Sites of production and action of protease

A
  • Production - Stomach, pancreas, s. intestines
  • Action - Stomach, s. intestine
25
Q

Sites of production and action of lipase

A
  • Production - pancreas, s. intestines
  • Action - s. intestines
26
Q

Functions of bile

A
  • Emulsifying fats - makes fat droplets, larger SA for enzymes to work
  • Neutralises HCl acid - provides optimum pH for enzymes
27
Q

Test for carbs + positive result indication

A

Iodine solution - goes from orange to black/purple

28
Q

Test for sugars + positive result indication

A

Benedict’s solution + HEATING - blue to brick red

29
Q

Test for protein + positive result indication

A

Buiret reagent - goes from blue to purple