B9 - Respiration

Question 1

Why is energy needed in animals

Answer 1

• Movement
• Active transport
• Chemical reaction to build larger molecules (e.g. protein synthesis)
• Maintaining body temp (keeping warm)

Question 2

What is respiration

Answer 2

An exothermic chemical process that makes up a a large part of the body’s metabolism
It releases energy for use in other processes

Question 3

Equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP

Question 4

What is aerobic respiration

Answer 4

• Respiration in the presence of oxygen
• It occurs in the mitochondria
• It releases more

Question 5

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

• Respiration in the absence or lack of oxygen
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Releases less energy than aerboic respiration as the oxidation of glucose is incomplete

Question 6

Equation for anaerobic respiration in humans

Answer 6

• glucose —> lactic acid

Question 7

Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast and what is this process called

Answer 7

• glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• This is known as fermentation

Question 8

Goods that use anaerobic respiration in the manufacturing process

Answer 8

• Alcohol
• Bread

Question 9

How does the breathing system adjust to exercise

Answer 9

• Breathing rate increases (breathe more)
• Breathing volume increases (deeper breaths)
• This means more oxygen gets into the bloodstream and more carbon dioxide is removed

Question 10

How does the circulatory system adjust to exercise

Answer 10

• Heart rate increases
• Blood vessels dilate
• This leads to a larger volume of blood being transported
• This means oxygen and glucose are transported at a faster rate
• More respiration can occur
• More energy can be released

Question 11

What happens to muscles during long periods of exercise

Answer 11

• Anaerobic respiration occurs
• This releases lactic acid which is toxic
• It builds up in muscles causing fatigue and stopping the msucles from contracting effiiciently

Question 12

Describe the steps in oxygen debt

Answer 12

• Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
• Lactic acid is transported out of the muscles by the blood
• It is then taken to the liver
• It is converted back to glucose by chemical reactions
• This requires extra oxygen after exercise has finished (oxygen debt)
• This is provided by the increased breathing rate staying after exercise

Question 13

What is metabolism

Answer 13

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 14

defenition of oxygen debt

Answer 14

The amount of extra oxygen required after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells

Question 15

Examples of metabolic reactions

Answer 15

• Glucose to starch or cellulose in plants
• Glucose to glycogen in animals
• Formation fo lipids from one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
• Breakdown of excess protein

Question 16

Role of the liver in metabolism

Answer 16

• Detoxifying toxins
• Storing iron
• Storing glycogen
• Produces bile from breakdown of hemoglobin
• Breakdown of worn out red blood cells
• Breaks down amino acids into urea