B9 - Respiration Flashcards
Why is energy needed in animals
- Movement
- Active transport
- Chemical reaction to build larger molecules (e.g. protein synthesis)
- Maintaining body temp (keeping warm)
What is respiration
An exothermic chemical process that makes up a a large part of the body’s metabolism
It releases energy for use in other processes
Equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
What is aerobic respiration
- Respiration in the presence of oxygen
- It occurs in the mitochondria
- It releases more
What is anaerobic respiration
- Respiration in the absence or lack of oxygen
- Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Releases less energy than aerboic respiration as the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
- glucose —> lactic acid
Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast and what is this process called
- glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
- This is known as fermentation
Goods that use anaerobic respiration in the manufacturing process
- Alcohol
- Bread
How does the breathing system adjust to exercise
- Breathing rate increases (breathe more)
- Breathing volume increases (deeper breaths)
- This means more oxygen gets into the bloodstream and more carbon dioxide is removed
How does the circulatory system adjust to exercise
- Heart rate increases
- Blood vessels dilate
- This leads to a larger volume of blood being transported
- This means oxygen and glucose are transported at a faster rate
- More respiration can occur
- More energy can be released
What happens to muscles during long periods of exercise
- Anaerobic respiration occurs
- This releases lactic acid which is toxic
- It builds up in muscles causing fatigue and stopping the msucles from contracting effiiciently
Describe the steps in oxygen debt
- Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
- Lactic acid is transported out of the muscles by the blood
- It is then taken to the liver
- It is converted back to glucose by chemical reactions
- This requires extra oxygen after exercise has finished (oxygen debt)
- This is provided by the increased breathing rate staying after exercise
What is metabolism
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body
defenition of oxygen debt
The amount of extra oxygen required after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
Examples of metabolic reactions
- Glucose to starch or cellulose in plants
- Glucose to glycogen in animals
- Formation fo lipids from one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Breakdown of excess protein
