craniofacial development and disorder

Question 1

describe developmental biology

Answer 1

study of the processes by which organs grow and develop

Question 2

what is induction?

Answer 2

the process in which an undifferentiated cell is instructed by species organisers to produce a morphogenic effect

Question 3

what is proliferation?

Answer 3

controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts

Question 4

what is morphogenesis?

Answer 4

development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions

Question 5

what is maturation?

Answer 5

attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

Question 6

describe cytodifferentiation

Answer 6

is the development of different cell types

Question 7

describe histodifferentiation

Answer 7

is the development of different histology tissue types within a structure

Question 8

describe morpho differentiation

Answer 8

is the development of the differing morphology, which makes up its structure or shape for each organ or system

Question 9

describe morphogenesis

Answer 9

is the process of development of specific tissue structure or shape

Question 10

what does instructive mean?

Answer 10

the ability of one tissue to determine specific patterns of morphogenesis and differentiation that will develop in an associated tissue

Question 11

what does permissive (or faciitative) mean?

Answer 11

the ability of an interacting tissue provide certain conditions that is necessary for its committed partner tissue to progress to full expression of its pre-determined phenotype

Question 12

Epithelial mesenchymal interaction

Answer 12

Epithelial cells cover the inside and outside of the surfaces of the body, as well as contributing to human life cycle from embryogenesis to adulthood

Question 13

Mesenchymal stem cells

Answer 13

are stromal cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels and lymph. Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that is undifferentiated

Question 14

Prenatal development

Answer 14

• Preimplantation Period - 1st week
• Zygote (fertilised egg) develops/differentiate into a Blastocyte (ball of cells) which implants into the uterus

Question 15

Embryonic period

Answer 15

• 2nd week to end of 8th week
• Blastocyte develops into a disc of cells, which then folds into a folded embryo

Question 16

Foetal period

Answer 16

• 3rd month to 9th month
• Embryo to foetus

Question 17

What does organogenesis include?

Answer 17

Secondary inductions - Patterning - right place - Organ rudiment (morphogenesis and proliferation) and Organ specific structures (differentiation)

Question 18

what are the 4 fundamental aspects of developmental biology?

Answer 18

• Proliferation (determines size)
• Pattern formation - the process by which cells in a developing embryo acquire identities that lead to a well-ordered spatial pattern of cell activities
• morphogenesis (determines shape)
• differentiation (determines type and site specific)

Question 19

Answer 19