Financial + Economic Policies And Probelms

Question 1

What direct taxes (4)

Answer 1

Land tax = bulk of gov revenue (inherited from directory)
Tax on personal property = small amount of rev
Custom duties
Fees for reg + services

Question 2

What + when increase land tax (4+)

Answer 2

1807 - new land register drawn up
Measure the value of land in order to recalculate land tax
Made it fairer + made farmers who increase land value pay more
Took way longer to register - only 1/5 country assessed by 1815

Question 3

What replaced personal property tax (3+)

Answer 3

September 1803
Octroi
Towns and cities allowed a levy on consumer goods entering their admin

Question 4

How was accounting of state revenue and expenditure sorted (3)

Answer 4

September 1807 set up a central bureau
Handle and audit state finance
Detailed accounts of income and expenditure

Question 5

Did tax collection improvement help (2)

Answer 5

Continuous war
Any improvement was offset by cost of maintain armies + empire

Question 6

Because of war what did gov rely heavily on

Answer 6

Indirect tax

Question 7

Metal coinage (3)

Answer 7

March 1803
New metallic currency ets.
Only legal tender

Question 8

Why + when bank of France (3)

Answer 8

January 1800
Provide an institution that could provide credit for gov + entrepreneurs
Produce and control a national currency of gold + silver coins

Question 9

Who minister of interior

Answer 9

Jean - antoine chaptal

Question 10

How did chaptal stabilise the economy (3)

Answer 10

Ets. Bureau of statistics
Ets. Council of agriculture
Ets. Chambers of commerce

Question 11

What bureau of statistics

Answer 11

Gathered data from departments on pop. + condition of agriculture, commerce and industry

Question 12

What did chaptal encouragement do + NB’s thoughts (3)

Answer 12

Increased mechanisation and technical innovation
Helped mass production of consumer goods
However - Napoleon more interested in production of luxury goods

Question 13

Minister of interior Montralivet (1811-1812) figures (3+)

Answer 13

Industrial advancement
Wool industry increased its yield by 400%
Exported silks rose in value from 26m francs to 64m francs from 1790 to 1812

Question 14

Why + what gov encourage growth of replacement crops (3+)

Answer 14

Cotton, coffee, tobacco, sugar
Avoid dependence on colonial production which was halted by war
Prefects ordered to ensure certain amount of land put aside for these
January 1813 = import of sugar cane was prohibited to stimulate the home sugar-beet industry

Question 15

What picture did Montalivret give of agriculture (2)

Answer 15

France prospered so much that in 1812 it could export butter, cheese and veg oil
All of these had been imported FP before the revolution

Question 16

What did war mean for France (3)

Answer 16

Stimulated production of military supplies
Expense = peacetime industry and investment
Labour lost to army = reduced internal demand

Question 17

How did Napoleon pay for war (5)

Answer 17

Tightening tax
Conscripted soldiers at low wages
Took out loans
Sold land
Conquer territories

Question 18

What did Napoleon sell (3+)

Answer 18

Louisiana (USA)
In 1803 sold it to USA to help finance invasion of England
Received 50milion francs in US bonds and gold = cancelled 18million francs of debt

Question 19

Where did trade move (2)

Answer 19

Towards French allies and conquered territories in Continental Europe

Question 20

Where was effected worse by move in trade - British blockade

Answer 20

West of France = Le harve
Trade passing through Marseilles reduced

Question 21

When British blockade

Answer 21

1793 = British goods prohibited from entering French territories

Question 22

When + what did Napoleon do taking the trade block further

Answer 22

1806-1807
Introduced a continteal blockade = Continental system

Question 23

What was Continental sytem (3+)

Answer 23

Banned all French trade with Britain
Insisted Frances allies and neutral countries follow suit or be treated as French enemies
Created economic warfare

Question 24

Why Continental system (4+)

Answer 24

Weaken Britain by closing European market
Force it into peace
France would get back it’s Atlantic trade
Increase French trade and production = fill the gap left by britains inability to trade with Continental Europe

Question 25

Continental sytem success?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Why Continental sytem fail (3+)

Answer 26

French navy + Napoleon hold on coastlines = not strong enough
Smuggling thrived
Officials responsible for enforcing system indulged in illegal practices = contraband

Question 27

What did British counter action do (2)

Answer 27

Affected French producers
Deprived of much needed raw materials

Question 28

Where did the Continental block help (2+)

Answer 28

Alsace and Strasbourg
Developed trade with Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe

Question 29

What factors limited degree of economic change (4+)

Answer 29

Low demand = heavy tax and pop tied to farming
Industrial work = unattractive
JUST war based industry
Farms = small and unprofitable

Question 30

Why industrial work unattractive (3)

Answer 30

Workers restrained by livret
Ban on trade unions
Living conditions in towns and cities = poor

Question 31

How did they address expenditure outstripping income (2)

Answer 31

1806
Taxes were raised

Question 32

Poor harvest when

Answer 32

1809

Question 33

By 1810 what (4)

Answer 33

Severe debt
Inflation
Rising unemployment
Collapse of banks and business