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Paramedic > Respiratory System Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the requirements to breath?

A

An open away
Effective muscles of respiration
A non-toxic atmosphere
Stable chest wall
Ability of the lungs to expand and contract
Free passage of gas from the alveoli and blood
Good circulation

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2
Q

Percentage of oxygen inspired

A

21%

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3
Q

Percentage of oxygen expired

A

16%

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4
Q

percentage of c02 inspired

A

0.04%

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5
Q

percentage of co2 expired

A

4%

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6
Q

Pulmonary ventilation is?

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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7
Q

External respiration is?

A

movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood stream and co2 from the blood stream into the lungs

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8
Q

internal respiration is?

A

movement of oxygen from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues and co2 from the cells and tissues into the bloodstream

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9
Q

upper airway is?

A

nose to larynx

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10
Q

lower airway is?

A

trachea to alveoli

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11
Q

list the anatomy of the nasal cavity

A

nasal septum,
vestibule,
nasal conchae (turbulent air)
olfactory region

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12
Q

anatomy of the pharynx (in order)

A

nasopharynx,
oropharynx
Laryngopharnyx

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13
Q

Lower airway anatomy (in order)

A

Trachea,
carina,
left and right bronchus,
secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi,
Bronchioles,
alveoli.

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14
Q

how many lobes in each lung (right/left)

A

3 lobes in the right
2 lobes in the left

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15
Q

the entry point of the lungs for blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels, nerves is called?

A

The Hilum

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16
Q

the 2 layers of serous membrane are called?

A

Visceral and Parietal layer

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17
Q

What is in between the visceral and parietal layer?

A

pleural cavity

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18
Q

how many alveoli per lung?

A

150 million

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19
Q

How many intercostal spaces and muscles are they?

A

11 pairs of intercostal muscles, 12 spaces

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20
Q

name the 3 accessory muscles used in respiration

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor/major

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21
Q

what is the main muscle used in respiration?

A

the diaphragm

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22
Q

what is anatomical dead space and the volume?

A

the residual volume which remains in the air passage but isn’t involved in alveoli exchange. 150mls

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23
Q

what is tidal volume and the volume of this?

A

the amount of air that passes through and out the lung during quiet breathing. 500mls

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24
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume and what is the volume of this?

A

the extra amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs during maximal inspiration. 3100mls

25
Q

what is inspiratory capacity and the volume?

A

the amount of air that can be inspired, this is tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume 3600mls

26
Q

what is functional residual volume and the volume of this?

A

the amount of air remaining in the air passages and alveoli at the end of quiet expiration, the functional residual volume helps prevent the alveoli collapsing upon expiration. 2400mls

27
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume

A

the largest amount of air that can be expired during maximal expiration 1200mls

28
Q

what is residual volume

A

amount of air left in the lungs following forced expiration 1200mls

29
Q

what is vital capacity

A

maximum volume of air which can be moved in and out of the lungs 4800mls

30
Q

which bronchus is shorter and more vertical

A

right main bronchus

31
Q

what are the accessory muscles used in respiration?

A

Sternomascloid, Scalene and Pectoralis major/minor

32
Q

What nerve controls the diaphragm?

A

The Phrenic Nerve

33
Q

The pharynx is where in correlation to the spine?

A

Anterior

34
Q

if either of the pleural cavity membranes puncture what happens?

A

Air will enter and fill the pleural cavity

35
Q

What connects the pharynx and the trachea?

A

The larynx

36
Q

Where are Central Chemoreceptors located?

A

The medulla oblongata

37
Q

What is the respiratory control centre in the brain?

A

The medulla oblongata

38
Q

How many C shaped rings make up the trachea?

A

16-20

39
Q

Define Pulmonary ventiliation

A

Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs

40
Q

What does the nasal conchae do?

A

Creates turbulent airflow which keeps the air in the cavity for longer to aid with warming and filtering

41
Q

What system(s) is the pharynx a part of?

A

digestive and respiratory

42
Q

Where does the larynx move when swallowing

A

Upwards

43
Q

what nervous system causes the lungs to inflate and deflate?

A

autonomous nervous system

44
Q

what is the fluid called that coats the alveoli

A

surfactant

45
Q

what shape is the epiglottis?

A

Leaf shaped

46
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs occurs through which blood vessel?

A

The pulmonary arteries

47
Q

Waste product of cell respiration

A

CO2

48
Q

Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to?

A

Nasopharynx

49
Q

What is the total lung capacity

A

6000mls

50
Q

where does the trachea sit?

A

Anteriorly to the oesophagus

51
Q

Main muscle in respiration is?

A

the diaphragm

52
Q

The palatine tonsils are located where?

A

Oropharynx

53
Q

Largest part of the larynx

A

Thyroid Cartilage

54
Q

Value of carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma

A

7%

55
Q

Value of carbon dioxide that turn into bicarbonate ions in the blood

A

70%

56
Q

value of carbon dioxide that combines with the global portion of haemoglobin to from carbaminohaemoglobin

A

23%

57
Q

Normal pH level

A

7.35-7.45

58
Q

what stops the lungs from over inflating?

A

The pnemotaxic area in the pons

Paramedic (6 decks)

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