Learning Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

what is a learning difficulty

A

an impairment that does not affect intellect (ADHD, dyslexia)

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2
Q

what is a learning disability

A

significant reduced ability to
understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social
functioning), which started before adulthood’.

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3
Q

what age is the learning disability label given to people

A

18 years old

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4
Q

mild learning disability is

A

approximate IQ range of around 50-69 IQ. `Mental age 9-12 years. Can still maintain good social relationships and contribute to society.

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5
Q

moderate learning disability is

A

approximate IQ range of around 35-49 IQ mental age 6-9 years. Adults will need varying levels of support to live and work in the community.

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6
Q

severe learning disability is

A

approximate IQ range of around 20-34 IQ mental age 3-6 years. Likely to result in continuous need of support.

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7
Q

profound learning disability is

A

IQ under 20 mental of below 3 years. results in severe limitation in self-care, continence, communication and mobility.

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8
Q

causes of learning disabilities

A

genetics
events before birth
events during birth
events after birth

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9
Q

percentage of the population that have a learning disability

A

2%

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10
Q

Human rights act main articles

A

article 2 - the right to life
article 3 - everybody has the right not to be tortured in an inhumane or degrading way
article 14 - the right to not be discriminated against in the enjoyment of your other rights.

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11
Q

equality act main points

A

you have a disability
someone thinks you have a disability
you are connected to someone with a disability

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12
Q

equality act 6 main types of disability discrimination

A

direct discrimination
indirect discrimination
failure to make reasonable adjustments
discrimination arising from disability
harassment
victimisation

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13
Q

mental capacity act

A

ensures that adults with learning disabilities are adequately protected if they cannot make decisions for themselves. It aims to enable people to make as many of their own decisions for as long as they are deemed capable of doing so.

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14
Q

what causes Down syndrome

A

extra chromosome

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15
Q

health conditions associated with Down syndrome

A

heart conditions
hearing and vision problems
thyroid problems
pneumonia

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16
Q

the gene that mutates resulting in fragile X syndrome

A

FMR1

17
Q

what is dyslexia

A

learning difficulty that can cause problems with reading, writing and spelling

18
Q

how many people in the uk suffer from dyslexia

A

1in10

19
Q

is dyslexia a learning disability or difficulty

A

learning difficulty

20
Q

what is dyspraxia

A

known as the developmental co-ordination disorder, affects physical coordination of a patient, making them clumsy.

21
Q

risk factors for dyspraxia

A

being born prematurely before the 37th week of pregnancy
being born with a low birth weight
having family history of DCD
mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy

22
Q

what is dyscalculia

A

difficulty in understanding numbers which leads to difficulties with mathematics

23
Q

percentage of people with dyscalculia

A

6%

24
Q

what is cerebral palsy

A

group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and coordination.

25
Q

what is auditory processing delay

A

difficulty hearing and understanding:
speaking in a noisy environment
people who have strong accents or speak quickly
similar sounding words, for example pin and tin
spoken instructions

26
Q

what causes cerebral palsy

A

can occur if a baby’s brain doesn’t develop normally while in the womb, during birth or damaged soon after birth.

27
Q

what age do people with a learning disability become eligible for an annual check-up

A

14 years and over

28
Q

how can we adapt communication to aid those affected

A

talk in person
in writing
on the phone

give full attention and show positive body language
speak clearly
take your time and don’t rush your sentences
use visual cues
use short sentences
ask for help from the patients family or carers

29
Q

what does TEACH stand for

A

Time
Environment
Attitude
Communication
Help

30
Q

define harm

A

damage or injury caused by a person or event

31
Q

define the social model of disability

A

that people are disabled by barriers in society, not by their impairment. Barriers can be physical; e.g., no accessible toilets or by people’s attitude

32
Q

define the medical model of disability

A

The medical model of disability says people are ‘disabled by their
impairments or differences’.
It looks at what is ‘wrong’ with the person, not what the person needs.