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Systems Engineering > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

From the Greek word “systema” means “organized whole”

A

System

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2
Q

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole

A

System

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3
Q

A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes

A

Engineered System

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4
Q

It is a specialization of system which fulfills the basic properties of all systems, but which is explicitly man-made, contains technology, exists for a purpose and is engineered through a series of managed life cycle activities to make it better able to achieve that purpose

A

Engineered System

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5
Q

Is an interdisciplinary, collaborative approach to the engineering of systems which aims to capture stakeholder needs and objectives and to transform these into a description of a holistic, life-cycle balanced system solution which both satisfies the minimum requirements and optimizes overall project and system effectiveness according to the values of the stakeholders.

A

Systems Engineering

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6
Q

Incorporated both technical and management processes

A

Systems Engineering

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7
Q

They must analyze, specify, design, and verify the system to ensure that its functional, interface, performance, physical, and other quality characteristics, and cost are balanced to meet the needs of the system stakeholders

A

Systems Engineer

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8
Q

They helps ensure the elements of the system fit together to accomplish the objectives of the whole, and ultimately satisfy the needs of the customers and other stakeholders who will acquire and use the system

A

Systems Engineer

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9
Q

They support a set of life cycle processes beginning early in conceptual design and continuing throughout the lifecycle of the system through its manufacture, deployment, use and disposal.

A

Systems Engineer

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10
Q

The degree to which a system’s design or code is difficult to understand because of numerous components or relationships among components

A

Complexity

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11
Q

The principle that whole entities exhibit properties which are meaningful only when attributed to the whole, not to its parts

A

Emergence

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12
Q

Building blocks of a systems and contains hardware, software, personnel, facilities, policies, documents, and databases

A

Elements

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13
Q

made up of combinations of elements

A

System

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14
Q

can be divided into a hierarchy of sets of elements, that include subsystem, components, subcomponents, and parts

A

System

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15
Q

Elements of a System

A
  • Components
  • Attributes
  • Relationships
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16
Q

is a set of interrelated components functioning together toward some common objectives or purposes

A

System

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17
Q

operating parts of the systems contains input, process, and output

A

Components

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18
Q

properties (characteristic, configuration, qualities, powers, constraints, and state) of the components and of the system as a whole

A

Attributes

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19
Q

between pairs of linked components are the result of engineering the attributes of both components so that the pair operates together effectively in contributing to the system’s purpose

A

Relationship

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20
Q

Systems Components

A
  • Structural Components
  • Operating Components
  • Flow Components
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21
Q

Always start using ______or _______

A

Data
Information

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22
Q

Advantages of Concurrent Engineering

A
  1. This model is applicable to all types of software development processes
  2. It is easy to understand and use
  3. It gives immediate feedback from testing
  4. Provides an accurate feature of the current state of a project
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23
Q

Advantage of Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. This model is simple and easy to understand and use
  2. It is easy to manage due to its phase has specific deliverables and review process
  3. Waterfall model works well for smaller projects where requirements are clearly define
    and very well understood
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24
Q

Disadvantage of Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. No working software is produced until late during the life cycle
  2. Poor model for long and ongoing projects
  3. High amounts of risks and uncertainty
  4. It’s not a good model for complex and object oriented projects
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25
Q

collects the information, help of SRS, CRS, BRS software, customer, business requirements specifications

A

Requirements Analysis

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26
Q

Feasibility Study, high level people analyze whether the project is doable or not.
Considers economic, operation, technical, schedule

A

Specification

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27
Q
  • architecture of the project. Uses HLD (flowchart, decision tree), LLD
    (components), high and low level design Implementation
  • coding, uses program
    language such java, phyton
A

Design

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28
Q

function, according to the requirements of customers or clients Installation
- if the system is bug free or virus free

A

Test

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29
Q

error correction, enhancement of capabilities, optimization

A

Maintenance

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30
Q

Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. Requirements Analysis
  2. Specification
  3. Design
  4. Test
  5. Maintenance
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31
Q

Advantages of Spiral Model

A
  1. It provides continuous and repeated development which helps in risk management
  2. It provides the past development and the futures are added in a systematic manner
  3. Clients get the opportunity to see the software or products after every cycle
  4. It is the most preferable model for large and complex projects or software
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32
Q

Disadvantages of Spiral Model

A
  1. Spiral models are expensive due to the high level of expertise required for risk analysis
  2. The spiral model is not suited for small projects
  3. The overall success of the project depends on the risk analysis phase
33
Q

Advantages of VEE Model

A
  1. It is simple and easy to understand and execute
  2. Provide structured way of doing things
  3. Works well with the small projects
  4. Emphasize planning for verification and validation of the product in early stage of the development
34
Q

Disadvantages of VEE Model

A
  1. Not change friendly
  2. Poor resources allocations
  3. Not suitable for complex and object oriented projects
  4. Need crystal clear requirements
35
Q

System relationships

A
  1. first order relationship
  2. second-order relationships
  3. redundancy
36
Q

Association of two systems that benefit each other

A

first-order relationship

37
Q

An example is symbiosis

A

first-order relationship

38
Q

called synergistic, are those that are complementary and add to system performance

A

second-order relationship

39
Q

exists when duplicate components are present for the purpose of assuring continuation of the system function in case of component failure.

A

redundancy

40
Q

static parts

A

Structural Components

41
Q

a lower system, if two hierarchical levels are involved in a given system

A

subsystem

42
Q

are the parts that perform the processing

A

Operating Components

43
Q

four system limits, boundaries or scope

A
  1. environment
  2. inputs
  3. outputs
  4. throughput
44
Q

everything that remains outside the boundary of a system

A

environment

45
Q

materials, energy, information often pass through the boundaries

A

input

46
Q

material, energy, information that pass from the system to the environment

A

output

47
Q

enters the system in one form and leaves the system in another

A

throughput

48
Q

are the material, energy, or information being altered

A

Flow Components

49
Q

at whatever level in the hierarchy, consists of all components, attributes, and relationships needed to accomplish one r more objectives.

A

total system

50
Q

purposeful action performed by a system

A

FUNCTION

51
Q

limits an operation of a system and define the boundary within which it is intended to operate

A

constraints

52
Q

Classification of system

A
  • Natural system
  • human-made system
  • human modified system
  • conceptual system
  • physical system
  • static system
  • dynamic system
  • closed system
  • open system
53
Q

Include those that came into being through natural processes

A

Natural systems

54
Q

Include those that came into being through natural processes

A

Natural systems

55
Q

Are those in which human beings have intervened through components attributes and relationships

A

Human made system

56
Q

Is a natural system into which a human made system has been integrated as a subsystem

A

Human modified system

57
Q

Are organizations of ideas

A

Conceptual system

58
Q

Are those that manifest themselves in physical form those made up of real components occupying space

A

Physical system

59
Q

Those that have structure but without activity as viewed in a relatively short period of time

A

Static systems

60
Q

Is one whose states do not change because it has a structural components but no operating or flow components as exemplified by a bridge

A

Static system

61
Q

Exhibits behaviors because it combines structural components with operating and or flow components

A

Dynamic system

62
Q

Is one that is relatively self contained and does not significantly interact with its environment

A

Closed systems

63
Q

Usually exhibit the characteristic of equilibrium resulting from internal rigidity that maintains the system in spite of influences from the environment

A

Closed system

64
Q

Allows information energy and platter to across its boundaries. It interacts with their environment example being plants ecological systems and business organizations

A

Open system

65
Q

They exhibit the characteristics of steady state wherein in a dynamic interaction of system elements adjust to changes in the environment

A

Open system

66
Q

A system that are self regulatory and often self adaptive

A

Open system

67
Q

The product life cycle

A
  • Acquisition phase
  • utilization phase
  • Design phase
  • startup phase
  • operation phase
  • retirement phase
68
Q

It may involve both the customer or procuring agency and the producer or contractor

A

Acquisition phase

69
Q

It may include a combination of contractor and customers (or ultimate user) activities

A

Utilization phase

70
Q

Is a systematic approach to creating a system design to simultaneously considers all phases of all the life cycle from conception through disposal to include consideration of production distribution maintenance phase out and so on

A

Concurrent engineering

71
Q

____ should not only transform a need into a system configuration but should also ensure the designs compatibility with related physical and functional requirements

A

Design

72
Q

Introduced by Royce in 1970 initially for software development

A

Waterfall process model

73
Q

It was introduced by boehm 1986 which is adapted from waterfall model

A

Spiral process model

74
Q

It is a risk driven approach for the development of products or system

A

Spiral process model

75
Q

It is a model introduced by Forsberg and Mooz

A

VEE process model

76
Q

This model starts with user needs on the upper left and ends with a user validated system on the upper right

A

VEE process model

77
Q

Four stages of spiral processing model

A

Planning
risk analysis
engineering and execution
evaluation

78
Q

VEE PROCESS MODEL

A
  1. Define System Requirements
  2. Allocate System Functiins to Subsystems
  3. Detail Design of Components
  4. Verify Components
  5. Verification of Subsystems
  6. Full System Operation and Verification

left side - Decomposition and Definition Sequence

right side - Integration and Verification Sequence

top side - Testing

Systems Engineering (5 decks)

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