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GAP > Muscular system lecture 5 > Flashcards

Muscular system lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle function

A

Movement, maintain posture, protection and support, regulate elimination of waste, heat production

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2
Q

Muscle characteristics

A

Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity

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3
Q

Excitability

A

only muscle and nervous tissue responds to stimuli

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4
Q

Conductivity

A

able to send electrical signal along tissue

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5
Q

Contractility

A

muscle slide past each other and shortens

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

muscle can be stretched

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7
Q

Elasticity

A

contracted muscle return to original resting length

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8
Q

Fascicles

A

Internal structure organized into bundle of fibers

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9
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds individual fasicle

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10
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds entire muscle

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11
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds individual fibers

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12
Q

Tendons

A

dense regular connective tissue, attach muscle to bone or skin

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13
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Dense irregular connective tissue, attach muscle to bone or skin

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14
Q

Sacroplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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15
Q

Sarcolemma

A

t-tubles tunnels that carry signal deep into the cell

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16
Q

Multiple peripheral

A

nuclei

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17
Q

Sacroplasmic recticulum

A

regulates release of calcium

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

bundle of proteins capable of contracting
Myosin
Actin

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19
Q

Myosin

A

thick filaments composed of protein(dark)

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20
Q

Actin

A

thin filaments composed of protein(light)
as well as troponin and tropomyosin

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21
Q

Myoglobin

A

Stores oxygen for aerobic respiration

22
Q

Glycogen

A

storage of glucose

23
Q

Thick filaments

A

composed mostly of myosin protein, has 2 head and 2 tails wrapped around each other, heads have binding cites for actin

24
Q

Thin filaments

A

contain protein actin, binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin, blocking action removed when Ca+2 binds with tropomin molecule

25
Q

Sacromere

A

reginon between the 2, Z disc

26
Q

Z Line

A

attachment sites of thin filaments of Z disc

27
Q

A band

A

region with dark filaments

27
Q

I band

A

region without thick filaments (lighter)

28
Q

H-zone

A

region between ends of thin filaments within A band

28
Q

Nerve impulse(action impulse)

A

Ca+2 release triggers muscle contraction

29
Q

M-line

A

attachment site for thick filaments

30
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

location where neurons meets muscle

31
Q

Neurotransmitter acetylcoline

A

released from somatic motor neuron, moves through space between muscle and nerve, triggers new action potential in skeletal muscle

32
Q

Motor unit

A

one motor neuron and all of the fibers innervates

33
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

muscle contracts and shortens, filaments overlap, I band reduces in size, H zone disappear

34
Q

Phosphate transfer

A

a phosphate is chemically transferred onto ADP to form ATP

35
Q

2 source of Phosphate transfer

A

Creatine phosphate
ADP

36
Q

Glycolsis

A

anaerobic respiration in cytoplasm- 2 pyruvates and ATP, produces ATP from 10 seconds to 1min mark

37
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

happens in mitochondria, produces ATP from 1min mark until completion

38
Q

Speed of contraction

A

fast, slow, depends on how quickly enzymes break down ATP

39
Q

Oxidative fibers

A

rely on aerobic process of ATP

40
Q

Glycolytic fibers

A

rely on anaerobic process of ATP

41
Q

Slow oxidative fibers(red)

A

Aerobic ATP production, not powerful but hold contractions for a long time (planks)

42
Q

Intermediate fibers (pink)

A

aerobic ATP, lower oxygen supply, fast, powerful contractions

43
Q

Fast glycolytic fibers

A

anaerobic ATP production, Fast/powerful contractions (sprinting)

44
Q

Red Fiber

A

more oxygen, lots of myoglobin, blood vessels, mitochondria, lipid stores, weaker, fatigue-resistant (endurance)

45
Q

White Fibers

A

powerful but tired fast, little myoglobin, fewer blood vessels/mitochondria, glycogen stores

46
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

increase in muscle capillaries, number of mitochondria, and myoglobin sythesis

47
Q

Resistance exercise

A

muscle hypertrophy(bulky), increased strength, endurance, and done density

48
Q

Overload principle

A

forcing muscle to work promotes increased muscle strength and endurance, muscle adapts to increased demand, muscles must be overloaded to produce further gains and strength

GAP (42 decks)

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