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GAP > Urinary Lecture > Flashcards

Urinary Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

waste removal by

A

filter blood to remove waste by producing urine

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1
Q

Urinary functions

A

waste removal
electrolyte and pH balance
BP control
Endocrine functions

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2
Q

How does the urinary system balance electrolytes?

A

by controlling loss or return of ions like sodium, potassium, and etc..

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3
Q

How does urinary system control BP?

A

by modifying blood volume

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4
Q

what is the endocrine function in urine

A

release hormone like renin(BP control) and erythropoietin(RBC roductin) in kidneys

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5
Q

renal artery and veins cardiac output at rest

A

1/4 = 1L/min

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6
Q

Ureter function

A

collect urine from kidneys and direct it to the bladder

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7
Q

function of adipose tissue around kidney?

A

cushion, holds in place, and provide energy

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8
Q

The bladder and ureter is lined with what tissue?

A

Transitional Epithelium

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9
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

found in wall of bladder and contracts during urination(void)

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10
Q

What is the fundamental unit of the kidney

A

The Nephron

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11
Q

how many nephrons in the kidney

A

about 1 million

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12
Q

3 steps to urine formation

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretions

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13
Q

Filtration process

A

blood flow through glomerulus
water, ions, and waste gets collected by bowman’s capsule then directed through the tubles

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14
Q

Reabsorption process

A

water, ions, and nutrients are returned to the blood

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15
Q

Secretion process

A

selected waste and ions filtrate to be excreted

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16
Q

High pressure leaky capillary responsible for filtration?

A

Glomerulus

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17
Q

BP in glomerulus?

A

55 mmhg

18
Q

Afferent Arteriole supplies glomerulus with?

A

blood

19
Q

Efferent Arteriole collects bood from?

A

Glomerulus

20
Q

Fenestrations

A

opening/holes in glomerulus

21
Q

Podocytes

A

covers the holes in glomerulus to control leaks

22
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

surrounds glomerulus and collects waste

23
Q

where does the waste in bowman’s capsule go?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

24
Q

first and major site of reabsorption

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

what percentage of sodium and water are absorbed by PCT?

A

65%

26
Q

Loop of Henle

A

receives filtrate from PCT and has 2 parts

27
Q

Descending loop of henle

A

reabsorbs 25% of initial filtered water
carries filtrate towards medulla of the kidney

28
Q

Ascending loop of henle

A

reabsorbs 25% of sodium and chloride
impermeable to water

29
Q

have short loop of henle

A

cortical nephrons (85%)

30
Q

Have long loops of henle and absorbs more water

A

juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

31
Q

reabsorption at DCT and Collecting duct are controlled by?

A

Aldosterone and ADH hormone

32
Q

normal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)

A

120-125ml/min

33
Q

How is GFR estimated?

A

by measuring blood creatine since it can be filtered but not reabsorbed

34
Q

% of water normally reabsorbed?

A

99%

35
Q

obligatory reabsorption happens?

A

in the PCT and descending loop of henle

36
Q

examples of secretion

A

Urea to filtration
H+ and HCO3+ to control blood pH
lipid soluble drugs

37
Q

Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of?

A

Na+ (Sodium)

38
Q

water follow sodium due to?

A

Osmosis

39
Q

lack of aldosterone causes

A

water loss

40
Q

Aquaporins

A

special protein channel for water reabsorption inserted in collecting duct caused by ADH

41
Q

High ADH promotes

A

water retention
increase BV and BP
less urine but more concentrated

42
Q

Low ADH promotes

A

water loss
lowers BV and BP
cause more and diluted urine

GAP (42 decks)

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