chapter 13 - shock & pathophysiology

Question 1

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure and digestion of food

Answer 1

autonomic nervous system

Question 2

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 2

cyanosis

Question 3

The ability of the heart muscle to contract

Answer 3

myocardial contractility

Question 4

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Answer 4

Sensitization

Question 5

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Answer 5

pulmonary embolism

Question 6

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Answer 6

pericardial effusion

Question 7

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

Answer 7

Decompensated shock

Question 8

Muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube or opening

Answer 8

Sphincters

Question 9

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Answer 9

Neurogenic shock

Question 10

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion

Answer 10

Hypovolemic shock

Question 11

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by a low output of blood from the heart

Answer 11

Cardiogenic shock

Question 12

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C)

Answer 12

Hypothermia

Question 13

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Answer 13

Anaphylaxis

Question 14

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Answer 14

Psychogenic shock

Question 15

A balance of all systems of the body

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 16

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Answer 16

Anaphylactic shock

Question 17

A swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall

Answer 17

Aneurysm

Question 18

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

Answer 18

Compensated shock

Question 19

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Answer 19

Afterload

Question 20

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion

Answer 20

Shock

Question 21

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

Answer 21

Cardiac tamponade

Question 22

Loss of water from the tissues of the body

Answer 22

Dehydration

Question 23

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection

Answer 23

septic shock

Question 24

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Answer 24

Perfusion

Question 25

A condition that occurs when there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Answer 25

Distributive shock

Question 26

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Answer 26

Edema

Question 27

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up

Answer 27

Preload

Question 28

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Answer 28

Obstructive shock

Question 29

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

Answer 29

Syncope

Question 30

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Answer 30

Pulse pressure