~~~ DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD TEST BANK

Question 1

The field of __________ focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of life-span development.

a) developmental psychology
b) developmental illness investigation
c) developmental psychopathology
d) adult development

Answer 1

c) developmental psychopathology

Question 2

Which of the following is a childhood disorders classification in the DSM-5?

a) neurodevelopmental disorders
b) disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders
c) autism
d) both a and b

Answer 2

d) both a and b

Question 2

The DSM-5 categorizes all of the following as neurodevelopmental disorders EXCEPT

a) learning disorders.
b) autism spectrum disorders.
c) motor disorders.
d) feeding disorders.

Answer 2

d) feeding disorders.

Question 2

The DSM-5 moves which category of disorders to the adult collection of disorders?

a) anxiety disorders
b) eating disorders
c) attachment disorders
d) motor disorders

Answer 2

a) anxiety disorders

Question 3

Which of the following disorders is classified as an autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5?

a) autistic disorder
b) Asperger’s disorder
c) pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
d) all of the above

Answer 3

d) all of the above

Question 3

Abnormal behavior in children

a) is based upon destructiveness at any given age.
b) is developmentally determined; that is, normal behavior at one age is abnormal at another.
c) can be reliably determined across age groups.
d) is typically associated with a lack of control.

Answer 3

b) is developmentally determined; that is, normal behavior at one age is abnormal at another.

Question 4

You witness a young child in the grocery store kicking and screaming because his mother won’t buy him candy. Which of the following DSM- 5 disorders would apply to the child?

a) conduct disorder
b) oppositional defiant disorder
c) It depends on the mother’s response; if she gives in, the behavior is probably not a disorder, but the result of poor parenting strategies.
d) There is not enough information provided to make a diagnosis. In addition, it depends on the child’s age and other factors.

Answer 4

d) There is not enough information provided to make a diagnosis. In addition, it depends on the child’s age and other factors.

Question 5

When diagnosing a child, it is most important to consider the child’s

a) intelligence.
b) ethnicity.
c) gender.
d) age.

Answer 5

d) age.

Question 6

Externalizing problems are more frequent in __________, and internalizing problems are more frequent in __________, regardless of culture.

a) boys; girls
b) girls; boys
c) boys; boys
d) Gender distribution varies widely in different cultures.

Answer 6

a) boys; girls

Question 6

Externalizing disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

a) ADHD
b) noncompliance
c) conduct disorder
d) social withdrawal

Answer 6

d) social withdrawal

Question 6

__________ disorders are characterized by more outward-directed behaviors.

a) Externalizing
b) Internalizing
c) Extrinsic
d) Intrinsic

Answer 6

a) Externalizing

Question 7

__________ disorders are characterized by more inward-focused experiences and behaviors.

a) Internalizing
b) Intrinsic
c) Externalizing
d) Extrinsic

Answer 7

a) Internalizing

Question 8

All of the following are examples of internalizing disorders EXCEPT:

a) depression.
b) social withdrawal.
c) anxiety.
d) ruminating.

Answer 8

d) ruminating.

Question 9

Results from a recent follow-up study of behavior problems in Thai and U.S. cultures suggest that

a) U.S. children are referred to clinics more often for internalizing problems than externalizing problems.
b) Thai children exhibit more externalizing behaviors.
c) internalizing and externalizing behaviors are fairly comparable across cultures, but specific behaviors within these domains are not.
d) behaviors should not be separated into internalizing and externalizing behaviors because a behavior viewed in one culture as internalizing may not be viewed the same way in a different culture.

Answer 9

c) internalizing and externalizing behaviors are fairly comparable across cultures, but specific behaviors within these domains are not.

Question 10

As compared to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, diagnosable hyperactivity

a) impairs the child’s functioning.
b) negatively affects the child’s ability to mature appropriately.
c) is treatable only with medication.
d) all of the above.

Answer 10

a) impairs the child’s functioning.

Question 11

Which of the following distinguishes children with ADHD from other children?

a) extreme distractibility.
b) anxiety.
c) problems only in classroom.
d) poor social understanding.

Answer 11

a) extreme distractibility.

Question 12

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a) poor academic work.
b) shyness.
c) difficulty getting along with peers.
d) distractibility.

Answer 12

b) shyness.

Question 13

Research on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder indicates that those with both attentional and hyperactive problems

a) have equivalent outcomes to those with only attentional problems.
b) are more likely to be placed in special education classes than children with only attentional problems.
c) usually learn better than children with only attentional problems.
d) are more likely to have a behavioral, rather than a neurological, basis for their problems.

Answer 13

b) are more likely to be placed in special education classes than children with only attentional problems.

Question 13

In a recent study of instant messaging and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children with ADHD were more likely to IM statements that were __________ than were children without ADHD.

a) hostile and off the topic
b) hostile and nonsensical
c) friendly and nonsensical
d) friendly and off the topic

Answer 13

a) hostile and off the topic

Question 14

Epidemiological studies indicate that ADHD is

a) about equally common in boys and girls.
b) more common in boys.
c) more common in girls.
d) more common in girls with conduct disorder but in boys with oppositional defiant disorder.

Answer 14

b) more common in boys.

Question 14

The worst prognosis is for those children who have

a) only ADHD.
b) only conduct disorder.
c) both ADHD and conduct disorder.
d) ADHD Predominantly Inattentive-type.

Answer 14

c) both ADHD and conduct disorder.

Question 15

When most children with ADHD reach adolescence,

a) their ADHD symptoms typically remit.
b) other psychiatric disturbances are more prominent than the ADHD.
c) the severity of symptoms may be reduced, but they continue to meet criteria for the disorder.
d) their academic performance greatly improves.

Answer 15

c) the severity of symptoms may be reduced, but they continue to meet criteria for the disorder.

Question 16

Girls with ADHD

a) are more likely to be depressed than girls without ADHD.
b) show deficits in planning and problem solving.
c) are likely to have symptoms of an eating disorder by adolescence.
d) all of the above.

Answer 16

d) all of the above.

Question 17

Studies of the persistence of ADHD into adulthood indicate that

a) adults who were diagnosed with ADHD as children are less likely to marry.
b) adults who were diagnosed with ADHD as children usually completely outgrow their symptoms.
c) the rates of ADHD vary considerably depending on the assessment method employed.
d) the rates of ADHD appear to increase in adulthood because so many adults seek out diagnosis in order to obtain prescriptions for stimulants like Ritalin.

Answer 17

c) the rates of ADHD vary considerably depending on the assessment method employed.

Question 18

In recent molecular genetic studies, genes associated with the neurotransmitter __________ have been linked to ADHD.

a) dopamine
b) serotonin
c) norepinephrine
d) GABA

Answer 18

a) dopamine

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

a) Heritability estimates for ADHD are quite low.
b) A single gene, such as the dopamine receptor gene DRD4, is most likely responsible for ADHD.
c) Serotonin has been found to be associated with ADHD etiology.
d) Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explain the cause of ADHD.

Answer 19

d) Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explain the cause of ADHD.

Question 20

Although low birth weight is a predictor of the development of ADHD, __________ has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD.

a) vitamin C
b) maternal warmth
c) nicotine
d) breast-feeding

Answer 20

b) maternal warmth

Question 20

The genetic factors that are inherited by children with ADHD are

a) brain function and structure.
b) neurotransmitter function and specificity.
c) appetitive and metabolic functions.
d) all of the above.

Answer 20

a) brain function and structure.

Question 21

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins, such as food additives and lead,

a) do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.
b) are usually the cause of the disorder in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD.
c) are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity, but not in those children with both attentional problems and hyperactivity.
d) cause subtle attentional problems, but not to the degree of ADHD

Answer 21

a) do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.

Question 22

The association between nicotine and ADHD is that

a) children’s smoking can cause attention problems.
b) maternal smoking may play a role in ADHD in offspring.
c) nicotine in pill form reduces the side effects of Ritalin.
d) the combination of Ritalin and nicotine has been shown to have dangerous synergistic effects in adults with ADHD.

Answer 22

b) maternal smoking may play a role in ADHD in offspring.

Question 23

Which of the following BEST explains the fact that ADHD children and their parents typically struggle with discipline and obeying rules?

a) ADHD children are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents.
b) Parents of ADHD children are demanding and disapproving.
c) Most parents of ADHD children also have ADHD and are therefore also noncompliant and negative.
d) ADHD children do not understand verbal instructions.

Answer 23

a) ADHD children are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents.

Question 24

Stimulant drugs have which of the following effects on hyperactive children?

a) increased activity level
b) immediate and steady improvement in academic achievement
c) short-term improvements in attention, goal-directed activity and behavior
d) addiction to the medication

Answer 24

c) short-term improvements in attention, goal-directed activity and behavior

Question 25

Stimulant medications such as Ritalin

a) have been shown to be effective for improving at least short-term academic achievement.
b) have been shown to have equal effectiveness to behavioral training alone.
c) have been shown to be more effective in white children than Latino or African American children.
d) all of the above.

Answer 25

a) have been shown to be effective for improving at least short-term academic achievement.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of oppositional-defiant disorder?

a) extreme physical aggressiveness
b) temper tantrums
c) refusing to follow directions
d) annoying others deliberately

Answer 26

a) extreme physical aggressiveness

Question 27

The difference between conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder is

a) still a matter of debate.
b) the devious, sneaky, behaviors associated with conduct disorder.
c) the onset of conduct disorder is earlier.
d) conduct disorder is often combined with ADHD, while oppositional defiant disorder is not.

Answer 27

a) still a matter of debate.

Question 28

Compared to children with ADHD, children with oppositional defiant disorder

a) are more impulsive.
b) are more deliberate in their unruly behavior.
c) are more likely to be male.
d) have more attentional deficits.

Answer 28

b) are more deliberate in their unruly behavior.

Question 29

A disorder that includes behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and violate societal norms is labeled as __________ in the DSM-5.

a) internalizing disorder
b) ADHD
c) conduct disorder
d) reactive anxiety

Answer 29

c) conduct disorder

Question 30

Symptoms of conduct disorder include all of the following EXCEPT

a) destruction of property.
b) aggression to people and animals
c) deceitfulness or theft
d) inattentiveness

Answer 30

d) inattentiveness

Question 31

Conduct disorder in childhood may lead to which adult disorder?

a) schizophrenia.
b) sadistic personality disorder.
c) antisocial personality disorder.
d) paranoid personality disorder.

Answer 31

c) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 32

Both __________ and __________ theories of the etiology of conduct disorder have empirical support.

a) genetic; environmental
b) behavioral; psychoanalytic
c) biochemical; behavioral
d) labeling; biological

Answer 32

a) genetic; environmental

Question 33

Research on the role of genetics in conduct disorder has found that

a) conduct disorder is primarily genetically determined.
b) the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect differential genetic influences.
c) the concordance rates of MZ twins are not appreciably different from DZ twins.
d) biological factors play a more prominent role in late-onset antisocial behavior than early-onset antisocial behavior.

Answer 33

b) the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect differential genetic influences.

Question 34

Which of the following factors were found to be predictive of conduct disorder in a large-scale research study on children from New Zealand?

a) being maltreated as children and low birth weight
b) presence of low MAOA activity
c) low birth weight and being male
d) both maltreatment and low MAOA activity

Answer 34

d) both maltreatment and low MAOA activity

Question 35

To be diagnosed with a disorder children must exhibit a clear impairment in

A) social deficits

B) school performance or daily living activities

C) impaired intellectual ability

D) pre-occupation with maintaining sameness.

Answer 35

B) school performance or daily living activities

Question 36

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behaviour in childhood?

Behaviour that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age.

The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn.

Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause.

Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders that are most commonly seen in children.

Answer 36

Behaviour that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age.

Question 37

Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity:

are usually well liked by their peers because they are always active.

are usually well liked by their peers because they become ‘class clowns.’

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviours.

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because they are socially withdrawn.

Answer 37

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviours.

Question 38

George is in second grade and is having trouble. He is frequently out of his seat, looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question, and usually needs directions repeated multiple times. At home, his mother says he is always ‘on the go.’ The most likely diagnosis for George is:

conduct disorder.

oppositional defiant disorder.

separation anxiety disorder.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Answer 38

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 39

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD:

work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect.

work well for both the short- and long-term.

really don’t work at all—what is seen is due to the placebo effect.

only work for children who have had the diagnosis at least two years.

Answer 39

work well for both the short- and long-term.

Question 40

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?

They have no emotions.

They lack social understanding.

Neurological impairment—they can feel but not show emotions.

Immaturity—they will show more as they get older.

Answer 40

They lack social understanding.

Question 41

The hallmark symptom of autism is:

lack of language.

lack of interest in other people.

intellectual disability.

strange behaviors.

Answer 41

lack of interest in other people.

Question 42

Drug treatment for autistic disorder has been found to be:

of some value in reducing aggressive behaviors.

extremely beneficial when neuroleptics like haloperidol are used.

contraindicated since they tend to make the children withdraw even further.

extremely beneficial when a hormone replacement drug is used.

Answer 42

of some value in reducing aggressive behaviors.

Question 43

A learning disability usually is identified:

because teachers and school administrators are on the watch for the signs.

because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement.

because a child begins to show significant emotional problems, fails, and begins to hate school.

because the child has been doing very well in school for several years and then suddenly starts failing.

Answer 43

because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement.

Question 44

Jenny has an IQ in the average range. However, at school she is doing very poorly. She has consistently scored at two or more grade levels below the grade she is actually in. From this, a diagnostician would hypothesise that Jenny:

most likely has an anxiety disorder.

most likely does not have a learning disability because her IQ is only average.

most likely has a learning disability.

most likely has intellectual disability.

Answer 44

most likely has a learning disability.

Question 45

By definition, learning disorders:

are not due to a physical defect.

reflect a developmental delay.

are present before the age of 5.

cannot be treated medically.

Answer 45

reflect a developmental delay.