Cardiovascular Exam Flashcards
What is this? What causes this?
Janeway lesions
Painless, flat lesions
Haemorrhagic lesions on thenar eminence
Embolic phenomena in Infective Endocarditis
What is seen here? What causes this?
Oslers nodes
Painful, raised lesions
Immunological phenomena in Infective Endocarditis
What is seen here? List 4 features
Clubbing
Loss of Lovibond’s angle
Increased longitudinal curvature of the nail
Boggy nail bed
Drumsticking of finger nails
List 3 cardiovascular causes of clubbing
Atrial myxoma
Congenital cyanotic heart disease e.g. ToF
Infective Endocarditis
What is seen here? What causes this?
Tendon xanthomata
Hyperlipidaemia (typically familial hypercholesterolaemia)
3 causes of radio-radial delay
Subclavian artery stenosis (e.g. compression by a cervical rib)
Aortic dissection
Aortic coarctation
3 causes of collapsing pulse
Normal physiological states: fever, pregnancy
Cardiac lesions: AR, PDA
High output states: anaemia, AV fistula, thyrotoxicosis
3 causes of Narrow pulse pressure
AS
Congestive heart failure
Cardiac tamponade.
2 causes of wide pulse pressure
Aortic dissection
AR
What is seen here? What causes this?
Splinter haemorrhages
Embolic phenomena of infective endocarditis
What is Quincke’s pulse? What causes it?
Visible capillary pulsations on compression to fingernail bed
Aortic regurgitation
What causes a slow rising pulse?
Aortic stenosis
What causes a bounding pulse?
CO2 retention
Give 2 features of a CO2 retention flap. What causes this?
Bilateral
Symmetrically timed
Hypercapnia: COPD/ T2 respiratory failure
What is pulsus paradoxus? Give 2 causes
varied pulse strength with each inspiration + expiration
Severe asthma
Cardiac tamponade
What is pulsus alternans? Name a cause
regular alterations in force of pulse (not varying with respiration)
Severe LVF
When may a jerky pulse be felt?
HOCM
What is seen here? List 3 causes
Malar flush
Mitral stenosis (CO2 retention causes vasodilation)
SLE
Polycythaemia rubra vera
What is seen here? What causes this?
Corneal arcus
If <50: hypercholesterolaemia
What is seen here? What causes this?
Xanthelasma
Hypercholesterolaemia
What is seen here? What causes this?
Kayser Fleischer Rings
Wilsons disease