Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

YR6 Images + Instruments > MSK Vivas > Flashcards

MSK Vivas Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is seen here?

A

THR scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is seen here?

A

Total knee replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is seen here?

A

Carpal tunnel decompression release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

Heberdans nodes
OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

Bouchards nodes
OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

1st CMC squaring
OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

Boutonniere deformity
RhA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

Swan neck deformity
RhA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?

A

Ulnar deviation
RhA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

X-ray features of RhA

A

Loss of joint space
Juxta-articular osteoporosis
Soft-tissue swelling
Periarticular erosions
Subluxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

X-ray features of OA

A

Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral cysts
Subchondral sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unilateral swollen joint differential diagnosis

A

Septic arthritis
Haemarthrosis
Crystal arthropathy: gout or pseudogout
Bursitis
Reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of OA

A

Clinical dx if:
>,45
+
have activity-related joint pain
+
have either no morning joint-related stiffness or morning stiffness that lasts < 30 mins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conservative management of OA

A

Therapeutic exercise
Weight loss
Walking aids/ grip aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medical management of OA

A

Topical NSAID for knee OA

NSAID PO if ineffective/ unsuitable + PPI

Consider IA CS injection when other Tx ineffective- only short term relief 2-10w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Imaging for OA

A

Do NOT routinely use imaging for f/u or to guide non-surgical Mx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When should a patient be referred for joint replacement in OA?

A

Joint Sx are substantially impacting QoL
AND
Non-surgical Mx is ineffective/ unsuitable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rheumatoid typical presentation

A

Symmetrical synovitis of small joints of hands + feet, although any synovial joint may be affected
Pain: worse at rest
Swelling: AROUND joint ‘boggy’
Early morning stiffness >1h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What may distinguish RhA from other conditions?

A

Inability to make a fist or flex fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 3 features additional to synovitis in RhA

A

Rheumatoid nodules: hard, firm swellings over extensors
Extra-articular: vasculitis, eye, lungs, heart
Systemic: fever, sweats, WL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe assessment of potential RhA

A

Refer those with persistent synovitis with unknown cause to rheumatologist
within 3w
Offer NSAIDs whilst awaiting +PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ix for RhA

A

Clinical dx
Rheumatoid factor
Anti-CCP
Hand + feet XR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mx for RhA

A

DMARD: Methotrexate
Bridging therapy/ flares: PO/ IM/ IA CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When should patients with RhA be referred for surgical opinion?

A

If any of the following dont respond to non-surgical Mx:
Persistent pain due to joint damage
Worsening joint function
Progressive deformity
Persistent localised synovitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Achilles tendinopathy S/S
Gradual onset posterior heel pain, worse following activity Morning pain + stiffness
26
RFs for achilles tendinopathy
Quinolone use e.g. Ciprofloxacin Hypercholesterolaemia (predisposes to tendon xanthomata)
27
Achilles tendinopathy Mx
Analgesia Reduce precipitating activities Calf muscle eccentric exercises
28
In which patients is adhesive capsulitis seen? What are the S/S?
Middle age, diabetics Painful, stiff movement Limited movement in all directions Loss of external rotation + abduction
29
What is supraspinatus tendonitis?
Rotator cuff injury: subacromial impingement Painful arc of abduction 60-120 degrees Tender over anterior acromion
30
What is shoulder dislocation?
Humeral head dislodges from glenoid cavity of scapula Anterior accounts for >95%
31
Septic arthritis S/S
Acute swollen joint Warm, fluctuant joint Fever
32
Septic arthritis most common cause
S aureus (In young, sexually active: N gonorrhoea)
33
Septic arthritis Ix
Synovial fluid sampling prior to abx Blood cultures Joint imaging
34
Septic arthritis Mx
IV Abx: Flucloxacillin Needle aspiration to decompress +/- Arthroscopic lavage
35
Psoriatic arthritis nail changes
Pitting Onycholysis Subungual hyperkeratosis Loss of nail
36
Psoriatic arthritis patterns
Symmetric poly arthritis (most common) Asymmetrical oligoarthritis (hands + feet) Sacroiliitis DIP joint disease Arthritis mutilans
37
What is seen here? What condition is this seen in?
Arthritis mutilans Psoriatic arthropathy
38
What is seen here? What conditions is this seen in?
Dactylitis Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis Sickle cell
39
Describe the periarticular disease manifestations in psoriatic arthritis
Enthesitis: achilles tendonitis, plantar fasciitis Tenosynovitis: flexor tendons of hands Dactylitis
40
What is seen here? In what condition is this seen?
Pencil-in-cup appearance Psoriatic arthritis
41
Psoriatic arthritis Ix
XR: erosive changes new bone formation periostitis pencil-in-cup appearance
42
Psoriatic arthritis Mx
Managed by rheumatologist Mild: NSAID Mod/ severe: Methotrexate Biologics e.g. Ustekinumab
43
What is the most common cause of heel pain in adults?
Plantar fasciitis Worse around medial calcanea tuberosity
44
Mx of plantar fasciitis
Rest feet where possible Wear shoes with good arch support + cushioned heels Insoles + heel pads
45
Scaphoid fracture S/S
FOOSH/ contact sports Pain along radial aspect of wrist, at base of thumb Loss of pinch/ grip strength Max. tenderness over anatomical snuffbox Wrist joint effusion
46
What is seen here?
Scaphoid fracture
47
Scaphoid fracture management
Immobilisation: futuro splint/ below-elbow backslab Refer to orthodox: further imaging within 7-10 days Undisplaced: cast 6-8w Displaced/ proximal scaphoid pole: surgical fixation
48
Complications of scaphoid fracture
Non-union: pain + early OA Avascular necrosis
49
Innervation of thenar muscles
Median nerve
50
Innervation of hypothenar muscles
Ulnar nerve
51
Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Tinel's sign: tapping causes paraesthesia Phalen's sign: flexion of wrist causes Sx
52
Carpal tunnel syndrome S/S
Pain/ pins + needles in thumb, index + middle finger Patients shake hand to obtain relief Weakness of thumb abduction Wasting of thenar eminence
53
Carpal tunnel syndrome Mx
6w conservative: wrist splints at night + CS injection If severe/ persistent: surgical decompression
54
What is surgical decompression for CTS?
Flexor retinaculum division
55
What is seen here?
Unicompartmental knee replacement
56
What is seen here?
Total knee replacement
57
Indication for unicompartmental knee replacement. Positives and negatives
OA limited to a single compartment +ves: less invasive, quicker rehab -ves: highly specialised, likely going to need to replace other compartment
58
Indication for total knee replacement. Positives and negatives
OA affecting all knee compartments +ves: well established, no progression of OA, less specialised -ves: more invasive, slower rehab
59
What are the clinical signs of a fracture?
Pain Swelling Crepitus Deformity Adjacent structural injury: nerves, vessels, ligaments, tendons
60
Describe management of a closed fracture
Reduction: manipulation/ traction Hold: plaster/ traction Rehabilitate
61
Describe management of an open fracture
Reduce: mini-incision/ full exposure Hold: fixation (internal or external) Rehabilitate
62
What does rehabilitation of a fracture involve?
Use: pain relief Move Strengthen Weight bear
63
4 general complications of a fracture
Fat embolus DVT Infection Prolonged immobility: UTI, chest infections, bed sores
64
5 specific complications of a fracture
Neuromuscular injury Muscle/ tendon injury Non union/ malunion Local infection Degenerative change (intra-articular)
65
3 causes of NOF fracture
Osteoporosis (older) Trauma (younger) Combination
66
5 Clinical findings of NOF fracture
Leg shortened, externally rotated + abducted Palpation of hip painful Unable to perform straight leg raise Pain on gentle internal + external rotation of leg (log roll test) Soft tissue Sx: bruising + swelling in + around the hip area
67
Imaging for NOF fracture
XR: AP + Lateral hip first line MRI: gold standard to exclude hip fracture
68
Management of extra capsular hip fractures
Fix with plate + screws (dynamic hip screw) Minimal risk to blood supply + AVN
69
Management of undisplayed intracapsular hip fractures
Fix with screws Less risk to blood supply
70
Management of displaced intracapsular hip fractures
>65 + fit: THR >65 + less fit: hemiarthroplasty <55: reduce + fixation with screws
71
Initial management of NOF fracture
Analgesia: paracetamol, opioids + iliofascial/ femoral nerve blocks. NOT NSAIDs. IV access: for fluid resus, blood transfusion + administration of medications. Assess + manage complications to prevent delays in surgical Mx (e.g. correct anaemia, anticoagulation, volume depletion + infection).
72
What are the principles of surgical management o NOF fractures?
Urgent reduction + internal fixation (<36h) Early mobilisation

YR6 Images + Instruments (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions