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YR6 Images + Instruments > Vascular Vivas > Flashcards

Vascular Vivas Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral arterial disease

A

Intermittent claudication
Critical limb ischaemia
Acute limb threatening limb ischaemia

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2
Q

Buttock claudication

A

Iliac disease

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3
Q

Thigh claudication

A

Femoral disease

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4
Q

Leriche syndrome

A

Aorto-iliac occlusion
ED
Absent femoral pulses
Claudication

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5
Q

Critical limb ischaemia

A

ABPI: 0.3-0.5
Night pain
Rest pain
Non-healing ulcers
Gangrene

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6
Q

Acute limb threatening ischaemia

A

Complete blockage of peripheral artery with inadequate circulation
Thrombosis most common but embolus also possible

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7
Q

6Ps of acute limb ischaemia

A

Pale
Pulseless
Painful
Paralysed
Parasthesia
Perishingly cold

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8
Q

How does embolus cause a different presentation of acute limb ischaemia?

A

No claudication hx
Sudden onset
AF/MI source

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9
Q

Management of thrombotic acute limb ischaemia

A

local Thrombolysis
Angioplasty
Bypass
If irreversible: Amputation

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10
Q

Management of embolic acute limb ischaemia

A

Embolectomy via Fogarty catheter
Local thrombolysis
Bypass
If irreversible: Amputation

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11
Q

What should all patients with PAD be taking?

A

Clopidogrel + Atorvastatin

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12
Q

Parameters of AAA

A

<3 = normal
3 - 4.4 = small. Rescan every 12m
4.5 - 5.4 = medium. Rescan every 3m
>,5.5 = large. 2w referral to vascular

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13
Q

AAA screening

A

Men aged 65y
US abdomen

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14
Q

Describe management of large AAA

A

Elective endovascular repair or open
Stent placed into abdominal aorta via femoral artery to prevent blood collecting in aneurysm

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15
Q

What constitutes high rupture risk for AAA?

A

Symptomatic
>,5.5cm
Rapidly enlarging (>1cm/ year)

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16
Q

Venous ulcers

A

Lower 3rd leg, above medial malleolus
Shallow
Irregular borders
Haemosiderin deposition, oedema, varicose veins

17
Q

Venous ulcer Mx

A
  1. Compression stockings
  2. Skin grafting if not resolved in 12w
18
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Dilated, tortuous, superficial veins that occur secondary to incompetent venous valves, allowing backflow of blood

19
Q

Reflux in which veins most commonly causes varicose veins?

A

Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein

20
Q

4 RFs for varicose veins

A

Age
Female
Pregnancy
Obesity

21
Q

4 skin changes a/w varicose veins

A

Varicose eczema (aka venous stasis)
Haemosiderin deposition → hyperpigmentation
Lipodermatosclerosis → hard/ tight skin
Atrophie blanche → hypopigmentation

22
Q

List 4 complications of varicose veins

A

Bleeding
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Venous ulceration
DVT

23
Q

Ix for varicose veins

A

Venous duplex US: retrograde venous flow

24
Q

Conservative Mx of varicose veins

A

Leg elevation
Weight loss
Regular exercise
Graduated compression stockings

25
Q

5 Reasons for referral to secondary care for varicose veins

A

Significant/ troublesome lower limb Sx e.g. pain, discomfort or swelling
Previous bleeding from varicose veins
Skin changes secondary to chronic venous insufficiency (e.g. pigmentation and eczema)
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Active or healed venous leg ulcer

26
Q

3 interventions for varicose veins

A

Endothermal ablation: radiofrequency ablation or endovenous laser Tx
Foam sclerotherapy: irritant foam→ inflammatory response → closure of vein
Surgery: Ligation or stripping

27
Q

Arterial ulcers

A

Pressure points- lateral foot, tips of toes
PUNCHED out
Well defined borders
Severe PAIN
Dry necrotic base +/- gangrene

28
Q

6 signs of arterial insufficiency

A

Cool
Reduced/ absent pulses
Hair loss
Atrophic skin
Prolonger CRT
Low ABPI

29
Q

Management of arterial ulcers

A

Smoking cessation
WL
Statins
Reduce BP
Wound care
Angioplasty
Bypass graft

30
Q

Neuropathic ulcers

A

Plantar surface of metatarsal head + hallux, heels
PUNCHed out
Well defined
Warm feet
PainLESS

31
Q

Neuropathic ulcer Mx

A

Relieve pressure
Optimise glycaemic control
Wound care

32
Q
A

YR6 Images + Instruments (21 decks)

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