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Physiology > Hema & Special Topics > Flashcards

Hema & Special Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between Innate & Adaptive Immune System?

A

Innate Immunity
- first line
- non specific
- doesn’t require prior exposure
- less powerful

Adaptive Immunity
- second line
- specific
- requires prior exposure
- more powerful

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2
Q

Normal values of Hgb of men and women?

A

Men 13.5 to17.5 g/dL
Women 12.0-15.5 g/dL

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3
Q

MOA of Heparin?

A

Binds to antithrombin III then inactivates thrombin & factor IX a.

H has 3 strokes

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4
Q

Defective cells in G6PD deficiency.
a. Howell jolly
b. Bite cells
c. Heinz cells
d. Target cell

A

Bite Cells

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5
Q

How many ml of O2 is carried by 1g of hemoglobin?

A

1.34mL

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6
Q

Initiates intrinsic pathway?

A

Factor XII - Hagemann Factor

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7
Q

Rare, autoimmune condition of pituitary gland with varying degrees of pituitary dysfunction?

A

Lymphocytic hypophysitis

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8
Q

Hemostasis steps? (4)

A
  1. Vascular constriction
  2. Loose platelet plug
  3. Blood coagulation
  4. Resolution
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9
Q

Blood element that removes particles trapped in alveoli?

A

Alveolar Macrophages ( Dust Cells)

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10
Q

Blood cell with extensive frosted-glass or ground glass cytoplasm?

A

Monocyte ( not macrophages)

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11
Q

Plasma proteins from the liver involved in innate immunity and inflammation?

A

Complement proteins

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12
Q

Delayed reaction allergy is due to?

A

Activated T cells

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13
Q

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are prone to infections with? (5)

A
  1. S aureus
  2. Pseudomonas spp
  3. Nocardia spp
  4. Aspergillus
  5. Candida albicans
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14
Q

Heat loss that occurs when ambient temperature increases?

A

Evaporation of Sweat

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15
Q

Disease associated with HLA-B8 ? (7)

A
  1. Addisons disease
  2. Myasthenia gravis
  3. Dermatitis herpetiformis
  4. Chronic active hepatitis
  5. Sjorgen Syndrome
  6. Insulin dependent DM
  7. Thyrotoxicosis
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16
Q

Characteristic of Macrophages? ( 4)

A
  1. Activated by interferon gamma
  2. Phagocytizes cellular debris & senescent RBCs
  3. Acts as APC via MHC II
  4. Long life span compared to monocytes ( months to years)
17
Q

Activation of complement system without antigen -antibody reaction occurs in?

A

Reaction to large polysaccharide molecules of bacteria viruses.

( Manan-binding Pathway / MB-Lectin Pathway)

18
Q

Secreted by peritubular capillaries of the kidneys?

A

EPO

19
Q

Secretion of basophils ? (4)

A

Histamine, Heparin, Bradykinin, Serotonin

20
Q

Stratum basale / Germinativum is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina) and attached to the basement membrane by?

A

Hemidesmosomes

21
Q

Links innate to adaptive immunity?

A

Dendritic cells

22
Q

Ranked order of leukocytes according to number?

A

N > L> M > E > B

Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil

New Le Mon at Asin/ Eosin ang Baso

23
Q

Found in the epidermis? (3)

A
  1. Merkel Cells ( basal layer of epidermis)
  2. Keratinocytes
  3. Sweat glands ( originate from the epidermis but are located in the dermis)
24
Q

Found in sickle cell RBC?

A

Hemoglobin S or Hemoglobin SS

25
Q

Functions of Complement Proteins? (3)

A
  1. Opsonization : serve as marker that makes it easier to phagocytize foreign bodies.
  2. Stimulate inflammation
  3. Membrane Attack Complex: Perforate foreign organisms -> Bacterial cell lysis
26
Q

Function of IgD?

A

Enhances mucosal homeostasis and immune surveillance

27
Q

Cytokine involved in chemotaxis of neutrophils, basophils and T cells?

A

IL-8

28
Q

MOA of Cadmium Toxicity? (4)

A
  1. Interacts with calcium to cause osteoporosis
  2. Disturbs zinc metabolism
  3. Decreases plasma copper and ceruloplasmin
  4. Interacts with Iron causing anemia
29
Q

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

30
Q

What is the basis for decompression sickness?

A

Rapid ascent causing nitrogen bubbles that block blood vessels

31
Q

Inplants into teh uterine wall?

A

Blastocyst

32
Q

Target of HIV?

A

T- helper cells

33
Q

Percentile of cells in whole blood?

A

Hematocrit : 45% normal value

34
Q

What are your anaphylatoxins? (3)

A
  1. C3a
  2. C4a
  3. C5a

Physiology (9 decks)

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