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PA practice > The PA Profession: Past, Present, and Future > Flashcards

The PA Profession: Past, Present, and Future Flashcards

1
Q

What report included:
- the study of all medical schools
- called for high admissions and graduation standards
- strict science protocols for teaching and research
- too many schools training too many doctors
- almost 1/2 of medical schools closed

A

Flexner report - 1910

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2
Q

Who worked as German military assistants (in the 17th-18th centuries) to the barber-surgeons as they:
- worked as army field surgeons
- expanded to Russia by Peter the Great
- developed into providing primary care in rural and underserved areas
- formal training started late 19th century

A

Feldshers

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3
Q

What included 2 years of medical education (length of training depended on specialty), was tuition-free, living expenses provided, guaranteed position after training completed, and top 10% were encouraged to attend medical school?

A

Feldshers training

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4
Q

What was the role of Feldshers?

A
  • work side by side with physicians in urban areas
  • alternatives to physicians in underserved regions (authority to diagnose, prescribe, give emergency treatment)
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5
Q

Where were Feldshers utilized?

A

in EDs and urban areas

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6
Q

Which PA predecessors where:
- British royal navy
- Est 1799 in the US navy
- congress required all ships have area for sick/injured
- duties included assisting surgeons, and sweeping/washing/cleaning guns/make pills and plaster, delivering foods, etc

A

loblolly boys

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7
Q

Who was the 1st loblolly boy on record?

A

John Wall

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8
Q

Which PA predecessors does this include:
- 1965-China
- farmers being trained as “Village aides”
- training is very basic (<6 months of on-the-job training)

A

Barefoot doctors

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9
Q

What did Barefoot doctors provide?

A
  • basic hygiene
  • preventative health care
  • family planning
  • treat common illnesses
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10
Q

In France, what was phased out in 1892 and included health officers, had 2 different training options, were independent but limited scope of practice, and could do sutures, minor surgical procedures, and prescibe?

A

Officer de Sante

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11
Q

What were the 2 training options for Officer de Sante?

A
  • 6 yr apprenticeship
  • 5 yrs in hospital setting
  • 3 yrs of medical school
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12
Q

What does this describe:
- phased on in 1931
- major and minor
- both reported to physicians
- PAs in Puerto Rico

A

Practicante

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13
Q

What were the duties of Practicante?

A
  • diagnose
  • treat
  • suture
  • fracture reduction
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14
Q

What was another type of PA in Puerto Rico that replaced practicante?

A

surgical technical auxillary

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15
Q

As of 2019, the department of health in Puerto Rico allows PAs to obtain a license to practice, what do they call them?

A

Medicos Asistentes

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16
Q

In 1925, who was providing maternal and child health care in rural Kentucky?

A

Mary Breckinridge

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17
Q

Who founded the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925 which provided maternal and child health care in rural Kentucky and used nurse midwives from Great Britain?

A

Mary Breckinridge

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18
Q

In 1939, what was the 1st midwifery program, is apart of the Frontier Nursing Service, and continues to operate today?

A

Frontier Graduate School of Midwifery

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19
Q

When was the 1st certificate for family nurse practitioners created?

A

1960s

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20
Q

Who were the PA predecessors involved in the Vietnam war?

A

American Hospital Corpsman/Medics

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21
Q

Who was:
- a surgical laboratory assistant
- trained by surgeon Dr. Alfred Blalock

A

Vivien Thomas

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22
Q

Who taught cardiac surgery technique with Dr. Blalock at Johns Hopkins University?

A

Vivien Thomas

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23
Q

Who developed surgical techniques and equipment and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the university in the mid-70s BUT was never formally trained in medicine?

A

Vivien Thomas

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24
Q

Who was a general practitioner in rural NC, trained “Doctor’s Assistant” in his practice, and was featured in an editorial in medical economics 1967?

A

Dr. Amos Johnson

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25
Q

Who was trained to work with Dr. Amos Johnson as a “Doctor’s Assistant”?

A

Henry “Buddy” Treadwell

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26
Q

Who were trained to diagnose and treat and were a prototype for the PA program at Duke?

A

Henry “Buddy” Treadwell

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27
Q

Who was the President of National board of Medical Examiners in 1961 and was the 1st physician to suggest non-physician providers?

A

Dr. Charles Hudson

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28
Q

Who suggested a new type of health care provider that was modeled after the Army and Navy Corpsman, needed 2-3 yrs of college that paralleled medical school to develop technical skills?

A

Dr. Charles Hudson

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29
Q

Where did Dr. Charles Hudson practice?

A

Cleveland, Ohio

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30
Q

Who was the president of Cleveland Academy of Medicine and The Ohio State Medical Association?

A

Dr. Charles Hudson

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31
Q

Who had an award named after him and was given to a person who has advanced the physician assistant concepts in Ohio during the “past year”?

A

Dr. Charles Hudson

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32
Q

Who was the founder of the PA profession?

A

Dr. Eugene A Stead Jr

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33
Q

Who developed a curriculum for “Advanced clinical nursing” with Thelma Ingles, RN, but was rejected because there was too much physician involvement?

A

Dr. Eugene Stead

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34
Q

Who announced he would create a “course of study for corpsmen to become physician assistants” in 1964?

A

Dr. Eugene A Stead

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35
Q

Where was the first PA program created?

A

Duke university

36
Q

What report included:
- medically trained personnel in and out of the hospital
- 2 types of providers (highly skilled in specific areas, advanced specialist with broad and basic knowledge)

A

Wallace report

37
Q

What was the core curriculum in the Wallace Report?

A
  • allow for academic advancement
  • variation in careers
38
Q

What defined the specific needs to resolve manpower problems?

A

Wallace report

39
Q

Who held the committee chair at Duke Hospital and created the Wallace report?

A

Dr. Andrew Wallace

40
Q

When was the first day of class of the first PA program at Duke?

A

October 6th, 1965

41
Q

What did the first PA program at Duke include?

A
  • 4 students: ex-Navy Corpsmen
  • 2-year program (9mon basic medical scences, 15mon rotations)
42
Q

Dr. Stead’s 57th birthday was?

A

On the first day of class, Oct. 6, 1965

43
Q

When is National PA day?

A

October 6

44
Q

When did the first class of PAs at Duke graduate?

A

October 6, 1967

45
Q

When is PA week?

A

October 6 through October 12

46
Q

What was the curriculum of the first PA program at Duke?

A
  • based on medical model
  • settled on primary care focus FP or internal medicine)
  • develop lifelong learning
  • ongoing professional growth
47
Q

Who took over the PA Program at Duke at Dr. Stead’s retirement?

A

Dr. E. Harvey Estes

48
Q

Who expanded the PA concept and educational programs across the country?

A

Dr. E. Harvey Estes

49
Q

When was AAPA established with Duke Grads?

A

1968

50
Q

Who was the founder of MEDEX (medicine extension) and confirmed the need to train nonphysician providers?

A

Dr. Richard Smith

51
Q

What does this concept describe:
- train individuals with medical background for primary care settings in rural and underserved areas
- collaborative model
- jointly sponsered?

A

Medex

52
Q

Where and when was the first Medex program?

A

University of Washington in 1969

53
Q

How many people were in the first class of medex?

A

15 military corpsman

54
Q

What did the program of medex include?

A
  • 3 months of formal instruction
  • 9-12 months of preceptorship (rural primary care physicians)
55
Q

Who was the founder of the Child health associate program?

A

Dr. Henry Silver

56
Q

What was developed to address healthcare needs for children?

A

Child Health Associate Program

57
Q

What was the only PA program that focused on pediatrics?

A

Child health associate programs

58
Q

What was the first program to offer PAs as a masters degree in 1975?

A

Child health associate program

59
Q

When was the child health associate program founded?

A

1968

60
Q

Who was a native PCP in rural WV that developed a training program designed to recruit high school students native to the area?

A

Dr. Hu C. Myers

61
Q

Who founded the Alderson-Broaddus college PA program?

A

Dr. Hu C. Myers

62
Q

When was the Alderson-Broaddus college PA program founded?

A

1968

63
Q

What was the first PA program to offer a 4 year-bachelors degree so students could:
- enter directly from high school
- no previous health care experience needed
- final 2 yrs trained the art and science of medicine
- became model for smaller colleges?

A

Alderson-Broaddus College

64
Q

When did Alderson-Broaddus College close?

A

Fall of 2023

65
Q

Who founded the first surgical assistant (SA) program in 1967 at the University of Alabama Birmingham (2 year program)?

A

Dr. John Webster Kirklin

66
Q

What is the supporting document for surgical assistants created in 1973?

A

Essentials for the Educational training programs of surgeon’s assistants

67
Q

Year?
Navy, army and air force each start 2 year programs for military PA programs?

A

1971

68
Q

Year?
- Army offers Bachelor’s degree military PA program through Baylor University
- navy-george washington, then university of Nebraska

A

1972

69
Q

Year?
- military PA programs consolidate to form a single PA program?

A

1996

70
Q

What is the largest PA program and is the single program that was formed from all of the military programs located in Fort Sam Houston, Texas?

A

Interservice physician assistant program

71
Q

What does this describe:
- opened 2 yr training program in New Mexico and Arizona
- work in rural and frontier communities (emergency services and family practice settings)

A

Indian Health Service PA program

72
Q

What does this describe:
- began in 1940s (response to tuberculosis epidemic)
- trained local residents to provide emergency and primary care
- performed procedures using manuals and telephone/radio communication with physicians
- dental and behavioral health programs

A

Alaska Community Health aides (CHA)

73
Q

Who recruited CHAs for training to return to village as PAs?

A

MEDEX northwest PA program

74
Q

What What does this describe:
- 2-year programs
- more autonomous autonomous type of provider
- taking histories and performing physical exams
- assist physicians with performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
- practice under the general supervision of the physician
- qualified to integrate and interpret clinical findings and make independent judgment
- preferred by PCPs

A

Type A PAs

75
Q

What does this describe:
-less training
- less general knowledge and skills of entire range of medicine
- technical skills in more specific area
- less qualified for independent action

A

Type B PA

75
Q

What does this describe:
- perform limited number of medical tasks
- more direct physician supervision
- similar to type A PAs, but not as much independence

A

Type C PA

76
Q

Who was the first president of AAPA, developed the 1st certifying exam, and participated in the development of NCCPA?

A

William D Stanhope, MS, PA

77
Q

Who was the founder of the Yale Physician Associate program?

A

Dr. Alfred Sadler

78
Q

Who was the 1st president of association of physician assistant programs (APAP)?

A

Dr. Alfred Sadler

79
Q

Who developed the accreditation standards with AMA for the PA profession?

A

Dr. Alfred Sadler

80
Q

Who was the founder of George Washington University PA program?

A

Dr. Thomas Piemme

81
Q

Who was a co-founder of NCCPA?

A

Dr. Thomas Piemme

82
Q

Who established PA licensing and certification systems and secured funding for PA offices in Washington DC (AAPA/APAP)?

A

Dr. Alfred Sadler
Dr. Thomas Piemme

83
Q

Who was the first executive director of AAPA?

A

Donald Fisher, PhD

84
Q

Who researched effectiveness of Iowa graduates in rural/medically underserved in state at the University of Iowa PA program?

A

Denis Oliver

85
Q

Who developed the Annual surveys of physician assistant education?

A

Denis Oliver

86
Q

Where can PAs practice today?

A
  • primary care
  • specialty care

PA practice (7 decks)

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