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A&P2 > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the respritory system?

A

ventilation and gas exchange, filtering, warming, humidifying, sound production, smell, metabolism of hormones, acid-base balance

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between capilary blood and the cells in tissues

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4
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

the use of oxygen by cells that produce ATP by oxydizing glucose

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5
Q

mediastinum

A

the space between the left and right lungs

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6
Q

True/False
The right lung is smaller than the left lung

A

False
The right lung is larger and has 3 lobes while the left lung only has 2

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7
Q

Bronchi subdivide into ___

A

Bronchioles

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8
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments does the right lung have

A

the right lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments

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9
Q

How many Bronchopulmonary segments does the left lung have

A

the left lung has 8 bronchopulmonary segments

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10
Q

A typical lung has how many alveoli

A

500 million

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11
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

pulmonary ventilation refers to the alternating flow of air into and out of the lungs due to the actions of various respritory muscles

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12
Q

Instpiratory Muscles

A

Expand the rib cage and drive airflow into lungs
Involves Diaphragm, external intercoastals, sternocleiodmastoid, and scalenes

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13
Q

Expiratory Muscles

A

depresses or compresses the rib cage forcing air out the lungs
Involves: internal intercoastals, and abdominal muscles

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14
Q

inspiration occurs when…

A

pressure in the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

expiration occurs when…

A

pressure in the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

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16
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is

A

760mmhg

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17
Q

Anotomic Dead Space is

A

The region in the respritory tract where no gas exchange occurs

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18
Q

The spirogram is used to

A

the spirogram is used to measure lung volumes over time

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19
Q

Inspiratory capacity=

A

tidal volume+Inspiratory reserve volume

20
Q

vital capacity=

A

(the volume you can control)
Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

21
Q

Functional residual capacity=

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

22
Q

what can casuse a decrease in lung complience

A

thickening and stiffining of lung tissue

23
Q

what is Daltons Law?

A

Daltons Law:
In a mixture of gases each gas will exert a pressure that is proportional to its concentration.

24
Q

Deoxygenated blood has a __ PO2 and ___ PCO2

A

Deoxygenated blood has a lower PO2 and a higher PCO2

25
Q

Oxygenated blood has a __ PCO2 and __ PO2

A

Oxygenated blood has a lower PCO2 and a higher PO2

26
Q

Durring Cellular Respiration glucose & O2 get converted into

A

CO2 & H20 and Energy

27
Q

The most direct and accurate way to measure whole body O2 uptake is by the

A

Fick Method

28
Q

two forms in which O2 is transported

A
  1. Bound to hemoglobin ( 98.5%)
  2. Dissolved in the plasma (1.5%)
29
Q

Venous Blood

A

deoxygenated blood

30
Q

an increase in PH causes

A

a decrease in tempeture
a decrease in blood PCO2

31
Q

Normal Hb content levels in males and females

A

males: ~ 16 Hb/dl
females: ~ 14 Hb/dl

32
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of O2 at the tissue level

33
Q

Anemia

A

Lowered ability of blood to carry oxygen due to low blood RBC count or Hb concentration

34
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low blood O2 due to low blood Hb saturation

35
Q

3 ways CO2 is transported in blood

A
  1. in plasma as bicarbonate(HCO3-) ions (~70%)
  2. Bound to hemogloin as carbaminohemoglobin(~23%)
  3. raw CO2 dissolved in plasma (~7%)
36
Q

our planet is made up of how much N2, O2, and CO2

A

79% N2, 21% O2, and <1%CO2

37
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A

Alveoli

38
Q

Pulmonary flow is

A

deoxygenates blood being pumed to the lungs from right side of heart

39
Q

nutritional flow is

A

parrt of the systemic system coming from the bronchial arteries to the lungs

40
Q

true/false
you can control the intraplurall pressure

A

true

41
Q

the intraplural presure at sea level

A

756mmhg

42
Q

what kind of tissue can be found in the alveoli

A

simple squamous epithelium
Function:diffusion

43
Q

what kind of tissue can be found in the mouth and esophagus

A

stratified squamous Epithelium
Function: a protective barrier

44
Q

what kind of tissue can be found in the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi

A

psudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium
Function secrestion and movment of mucus

45
Q

what kind of tissue can be found on the noe, parts of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

A

hyaline cartilage
Function: flexibility and support

46
Q

what kind of tissue can be found on the epiglottis and larynx

A

Elastic cartilage
function:provides strength and elasticity

A&P2 (7 decks)

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