Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

g.pathology > Apoptosis and Necrosis > Flashcards

Apoptosis and Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

Reversible changes

A
  • Reduced oxidative phosphorylation
  • ATP Depletion
    -cellular swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cloudy swelling

A

-reversible cell injury
-cellular swelling and granularity of cytoplasm
- water accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydropic swelling

A
  • reversible CI
  • occurs when injury continues
  • Accumulation of excess water
  • due to ionic imbalances - sodium influx
    -nucleus centered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

First manefistation of cell injury

A

Hydropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of cloudy swelling

A

-kidney
-liver
- heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Location of hydropic swelling

A
  • liver ballooning
  • skin in burns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fatty change

A

-reversible
-pathological accumulation of fat
-nucleus is eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of fatty change

A
  • excess fat entry- starvation
    -deficiency of lipotropic factors
  • cells can’t metabolize fat ( viral hepatitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell death

A

Irreversible mitochondrial dysfunction
Membrane disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Apoptosis

A

-Programmed single cell death
- no inflammation
-Energy required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 organelles are vital?

A

1.Mitochondria
2.Cell membrane
3.Lysosomes- autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Apoptosis and cell integrity?

A

The cell cell integrity is not compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathological ex. Apoptosis

A

1.toxic effect on cells
2. Duct obstruction
3.tumor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Physiological examples of Apoptosis

A
  1. Embryogenesis
  2. hormonal Involution-Menstruation
  3. post inflammatory
  4. Cytotoxic T-Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Morphology of apoptosis

A

Cell shrinkage—>Chromatin condensation->increase in blebs / apoptotic bodies—>phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Necrosis

A

-Pattern of cell death
-Group of cells
-surrounded by inflammation
-no energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pyknosis

A

Chromatin condensation= Dark blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Karyolysis

A

Breakdown of chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

Fragmented chromatin

20
Q

Irreversible mitochondrial dysfunction leads to

A

Decreased ATP

21
Q

Increased level of intracellular Calcium leads to

A

Activation of many enzymes
-Proteases
-phospholipases
-Endonucleases

22
Q

Name the 2 types of cell digestion

A
  1. Autolysis
  2. Heterolysis
23
Q

Autolysis

A

Digestion of cells by lysosomes

24
Q

Heterolysis

A

Digestion of cell by enzymes derived from luekocytes.

25
Q

Denaturation of proteins caused by?

A

Intracellular acidosis

26
Q

Protein denaturation leads to?

A

-Injury of cell membrane
-Influx of Na+and Ca+
-shutdown of cell

27
Q

Morphology of necrotic cells?

A

-Increased Eosinophillia- cytoplasm very red
-nuclear changes= Pyknosis,Karyorrhexis,karrolysis
-phospholipid percipitate/mass

28
Q

List patterns of Necrosis

A

-coagulative
-liquefaction
-caseous
-fat necrosis
-gangrene

29
Q

What are the ghost of cells called?

A

Coagulative Necrosis

30
Q

Coagulative Necrosis

A

-Hypoxic tissue death in body
-cells have died but maintain basic shape
-solid consistency

31
Q

Ischemic necrosis

A

Found in myocardium

32
Q

Liquefaction necrosis

A

-Complete dissolution of necrotic tissue
-hypoxic tissue death of brain
- Due to massive infiltration of neutrophils

33
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

-seen by naked eye {grossly}
-cheese-like
-looks like accumulation of debris in area

34
Q

Which disease is caseous necrosis mainly seen?

A

TB

35
Q

Fat necrosis found in?

A

Pancreatic trauma or breast trauma

36
Q

Fat necrosis caused by

A

Lipases released into adipose tissue

37
Q

Term: free fatty acids join and cause calcium soaps?

A

Saponification

38
Q

Fibrinoid Necrosis

A

-Usually seen in walls of blood vessels

39
Q

Fibrinoid Necrosis looks like?

A

Glassy, red material deposited in walls of vessels

40
Q

Gangrene

A

Necrosis that is Visible grossly
-wet and dry gangrene

41
Q

Wet gangrene

A

-Mostly Liquefactive
-foul-smelling
-infected by several kinds of bacteria

42
Q

Dry Gangrene

A

-Coagulative necrosis
-Mummified and black appearance
-dried up before bacterial overgrowth.
-better to save

43
Q

Fate of small Necrosis

A

-Macrophages to clean= start HEALING
-regeneration of dead cells

44
Q

Fate of large necrosis

A

-Surrounded by fibrous capsule
-Dystrophic calcification= Ca+ accumulation

45
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of oxygen to tissue

g.pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions