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YR6 Images + Instruments > Abdominal Exam > Flashcards

Abdominal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Midline laparotomy
Emergency laparotomy e.g. perforation/ ischaemic bowel

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2
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Paramedian
Rarely performed in UK
Lateral viscera: kidneys, spleen, adrenals

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3
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Kocher
Cholecystectomy

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4
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Mercedes Benz
Liver transplantation

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5
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Chevron/ Rooftop
Oesophagectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, liver transplant

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6
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Lanz
More aesthetically pleasing than Gridiron

Appendicectomy

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7
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Gridiron
Appendicectomy

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8
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Rutherford Morrison
Kidney transplantation

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9
Q

Name the scar. What surgery may have been performed?

A

Pfannenstiel
O+G
C-section

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10
Q

Describe the layers cut through in a midline incision

A

Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Membranous fascia
Linea alba
Tranversalis fascia
Preperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Ileostomy

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12
Q

What is this?

A

Colostomy

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13
Q

Give 2 characteristics of an ileostomy

A

Spouted
Liquid output

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14
Q

Give 2 characteristics of a colostomy

A

Flush
Solid output

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15
Q

What is this?

A

NG tube

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16
Q

What is this?

A

PEG

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17
Q

RFs for Dupuytrens contracture

A

Excessive alcohol
Diabetes
Genetics
Male

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18
Q

What is Dupuytrens contracture?

A

Thickening of palmar fascia resulting in development of cords of palmar fascia, eventually causing contracture deformities

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19
Q

2 Causes of leukonychia

A

Hypoalbuminaemia:
End-stage liver disease
Protein losing enteropathy

20
Q

Cause of koilonychia

A

IDA

21
Q

What is asterixis? Name 2 GI causes

A

Irregular flapping motion of hands
Hepatic encephalopathy (hyperammonaemia)
Uraemia secondary to renal failure

22
Q

4 Gastrointestinal causes of clubbing

A

IBD
Coeliac
Liver Cirrhosis
Lymphoma of GIT

23
Q

Cause of angular stomatitis

A

Iron deficiency

24
Q

Cause of glossitis

A

Iron, folate + B12 deficiency
e.g. malabsorption due to IBD

25
Q

3 causes of acanthosis nigricans

A

Benign
Insulin resistance (T2DM)
GI malignancy: stomach cancer

26
Q

Cause of left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

A

Virchow’s node palpable = Troisers sign
Metastatic intra-abdominal malignancy (mostly gastric cancer)

27
Q

Causes of right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

A

Metastatic oesophageal cancer

28
Q

Drugs causes gynaecomastia

A

Digoxin
Spironolactone

29
Q

Conditions causing gynaecomastia

A

Increased circulating oestrogen e.g. Cirrhosis

30
Q

What are Spider naevi? What causes them?

A

central red papules with fine red lines extending radially
Increased circulating oestrogen

31
Q

3 causes of spider naevi

A

Liver cirrhosis (esp. if >5)
COCP
Pregnancy

32
Q

6 causes of abdominal distension

A

Fat
Fluid
Faeces
Flatus
Fetus
Fulminant mass

33
Q

Caput medusae

A

Engorged paraumbilical veins a/w portal HTN

34
Q

5 Causes of Striae

A

Ascites
Intra-abdominal malignancy
Cushings syndrome
Obesity
Pregnancy

35
Q

6 Causes of ascites

A

CIRRHOSIS (portal HTN)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HF
Pancreatitis
Hypoalbuminaemia
Peritoneal TB

36
Q

6 causes of hepatomegaly

A

Hepatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma/ mets
Wilson’s disease
Haemochromatosis
PBC
Glandular fever

37
Q

5 causes of splenomegaly

A

Portal HTN due to liver cirrhosis
Haemolytic anaemia
Congestive HF
Splenic Mets
Glandular fever

38
Q

Causes of bilaterally enlarged kidneys

A

Polycystic kidney disease
Amyloidosis

39
Q

Cause of unilaterally enlarged kidneys

A

Renal tumour

40
Q

Cause of tinkling bowel sounds

A

Bowel obstruction

41
Q

Cause of renal bruits

A

Renal artery stenosis

42
Q

Cause of pedal oedema

A

Hypoalbuminaemia: liver cirrhosis, protein losing enteropathy

43
Q

What is seen here?

A

Umbilical hernia

44
Q

What is seen here?

A

Femoral hernia

45
Q

What is seen here?

A

Inguinal hernia

46
Q

What is seen here?

A

Incisional hernia

YR6 Images + Instruments (21 decks)

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