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Intro to Biology for Vet Techs > Cell Specialization > Flashcards

Cell Specialization Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 examples of unicellular organisms

A
  1. Amoeba
  2. Paramecium
  3. Euglena
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2
Q

the result when similar cell types group together to perform a common function

A

Tissue

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3
Q

a specialized structure composed of 2 or more tissues that together perform a specific function

A

Organ

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4
Q

the result when multiple organs work together

A

Organ System

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5
Q

a type of cell with long branches that carry messages throughout the body using electrical signaling

A

Neurons

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6
Q

________ Cells:
- Form is closely related to function
- Optimal performance only in the environment it was designed to function

A

Specialized Cells

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7
Q

cells that move oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

A

Red Blood Cells

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8
Q

the ability of cells to become another type of cell

A

Cellular Potency

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9
Q

Cell Specialization vs Cellular Potency

A

Highly Specialized > Low Potency

Unspecialized > High Potency

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10
Q

What are the 4 primary levels of cellular potentcy?

A
  1. Totipotent
  2. Pluripotent
  3. Multipotent
  4. Unipotent
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11
Q

a single cell’s ability to produce any number of different cell types within an organism

A

Totipotent

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12
Q

Why are totipotent cells unique?

A

They can form all the cell types in an organism + the extraembryonic (placental) cells

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13
Q

What are the only totipotent cells?

A

Embryonic cells within the 1st couple of cell divisions after fertilization

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14
Q

cells that can give rise to other cells that will function within an embryo

A

Pluripotent

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15
Q

Embryonic Stem Cells have what level of cellular potency?

A

Pluripotent

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16
Q

cells that are specialized enough that they can further differentiate into a number of closely related cell types

A

Multipotent

17
Q

Adult Stem Cells have what level of cellular potency?

A

Multipotent

18
Q

Explain an example of multipotent cells

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cells - can specialize / differentiate into distinct blood cell types (red or white blood cells)
- can NOT give rise to a nerve cell

19
Q

cells that have differentiated and specialized to the point that they can produce only one type of cell and are able to self-renew

A

Unipotent

20
Q

Give 2 examples of Unipotent Cells

A
  1. Skin Cells
  2. Red Blood Cells
21
Q

cells that function to differentiate into specialized cells and generate new cells to repair worn or injured tissues

A

Stem Cells

22
Q

Stem cells have what degree of potency? Are they differentiated?

A

High
Undifferentiated or only partially differentiated

23
Q

Stem Cells can help provide treatments or cures for certain veterinary diseases/disorders: List 5

A
  1. Blood and Immune System Diseases
  2. Eye Diseases - Corneal Ulcers
  3. Wound Healing
  4. Spinal Cord injuries
  5. Respiratory Diseases - Inflammatory Airway Disease
24
Q

What are the 2 main types of stem cells?

A
  1. Embryonic Stem Cells
  2. Adult Stem Cells
25
Q

Describe the potency of Embryonic Stem Cells and where they are found

A

Pluripotent
Found in the:
1. Embryo / Fetus
2. Umbilical Cord Blood - generally multipotent
3. Grown in a lab

26
Q

Describe the potency of Adult Stem Cells and where they are found

A

Multipotent or Unipotent
Found in:
1. Bone Marrow

27
Q

stem cells that give rise to blood cells and can form mature blood cells such as red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells

A

Hemopoietic Stem Cells

28
Q

Why are hemopoietic stem cells important?

A

Red blood cells lack the ability to divide and produce other red blood cells due to a lack of DNA within the cells

29
Q

Hemopoietic Stem Cells have what degree of potency?

A

Multipotent

30
Q

adult stem cells that have been modified with a virus to return to the natural embryonic state

A

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Intro to Biology for Vet Techs (12 decks)

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