Chapter 4

Question 1

Overt behavior

Answer 1

An observable action or the product of an observable action, can be test or assessment responses

Question 2

Cumulative scoring

Answer 2

A trait measured by a series of test items, each response converted to a number, magnitude of trait assumed to correspond to the sum

Question 3

Error variance

Answer 3

Component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

The precision with which the test measures and the extent to which error is present in measurements

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

If a test measures what it purports to measure

Question 6

Norm-referenced testing and assessment

Answer 6

A method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to scores of a group of testtakers

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

The test performance data of a particular group of testtakers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores

Question 8

Normative sample

Answer 8

Group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of individual testtakers

Question 9

Race norming

Answer 9

Deriving norms based on race or ethnicity, different cutoff scores for different groups, outlawed

Question 10

User norms

Answer 10

Descriptive statistics based on a group of testtakers in a given period of time rather than norms obtained by formal sampling methods

Question 11

Test standardization

Answer 11

Process of administering a test to a representative sample of testtakers for the purpose of establishing norms

Question 12

Standardized test

Answer 12

Test that has clearly specified procedures for administration, scoring, and interpretation, in addition to norms