Soaps, detergents and Emulsions

Question 1

How are soaps formed

Answer 1

through ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS of fats and oils

Question 2

What are soaps used for

Answer 2

to remove non-polar substances like grease

Question 3

How do soapless detergents work

Answer 3

remove oil and grease like soaps do but they won’t leave scum in hard water

Question 4

What is an emulsion

Answer 4

contains small droplets of one liqui dispersed in another liquid

Question 5

What do emulsifiers do,

Answer 5

allows two immiscible layers to be mixed uniformly, dispersing an equal amount of each throughout the entire volume

Question 6

How are emulsifiers made

Answer 6

reacting edible oils with glycerol

Question 7

what doesan emulsifier structure look like?

Answer 7

one or 2 fatty acids joined to a glycerol backbone with 1 hydroxyl group

Question 8

Describe the mechanism of soaps

Answer 8

hydrophobic tails burrow into oil

hydrophilic heads face surrounding water with negative charge

micelle forms and negative soap heads repel each other and form an emulsion

non-polar substance held inside micelle and suspended in water to be washed away

Question 9

are tails of soaps hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 9

hydrophobic

Question 10

are heads of soaps hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 10

hydrophilic